Philippine Marriage Laws: What You Need to Know

Are you thinking about getting married in the Philippines? This country is not just a beautiful place for your wedding but also has its own set of laws for marriage. It’s important to know these laws to make sure your marriage is legal and protects your rights¹.

The Philippines has rules about the legal age for marriage and what can lead to annulment. These laws affect everyone, whether you’re a Filipino or marrying one. Don’t worry, this guide will explain everything you need to know to make your marriage legal and smooth².

Key Takeaways

• The legal age for marriage in the Philippines is at least 18 years old¹³.
• You need to get a marriage license from the local civil registrar where one of you lives¹.
• Before you get married, you must attend a seminar on family planning and responsible parenthood¹.
• Reasons for annulment include being mentally unfit, fraud, or being forced or intimidated¹.
• Foreigners can marry here if they meet certain legal conditions, like a certificate proving they can get married¹³.

Marriage Laws in the Philippines: An Overview

The Philippines has strict laws about marriage, blending statutory laws, customs, and religious rules for some groups⁴. The main laws that cover marriage are the Family Code, Civil Code, and the Code of Muslim Personal Laws⁵. Marriage is seen as very important, and the laws make sure everyone knows their rights and duties.

Applicable Laws: The Family Code, Civil Code, and Code of Muslim Personal Laws

The Family Code of the Philippines is the main law for marriage and family matters⁴. It sets the rules for a valid marriage, what spouses can expect from each other, and when a marriage can end⁵. The Civil Code of the Philippines also talks about marriage, like who can get married and how it should be done⁴. For Muslims, the Code of Muslim Personal Laws of the Philippines has its own rules for marriage and divorce.

Understanding Marriage as a Legal Institution

In the Philippines, marriage is more than just a personal and social step; it’s also a legal one with clear rights and duties⁴. The law sees marriage as key to strong families and social peace⁵. So, the rules and process for marriage are made to protect everyone involved, including any kids.

“Marriage is not a mere contract, but a social institution vital to the public welfare and morals of the people.”
– Philippine Supreme Court

The laws in the Philippines make sure marriage is clear and protected for everyone⁴. This institution is seen as the base of a stable society. The law helps keep marriage sacred and supports family well-being⁵⁶.

Legal Capacity and Consent Requirements

In the Philippines, laws set clear rules for getting married. To get married, both people must be able to legally get married. They must be at least 18 years old⁷ and not have any legal reasons that stop them from marrying⁷.

Age and Parental Consent/Advice

If you’re under 21, you need your parents’ okay to get married. If you’re 21 to 25, you just need their advice⁷. You also need a special certificate to prove you can get married, which is good for 4 months⁸.

Validity of Consent

Consent must be given freely and in front of someone who can marry you. If a marriage is forced, scary, or influenced, it might not be valid⁷. Getting this special certificate at the embassy costs PHP 1,840⁸.

If you were married before in the Philippines and got divorced in Denmark, you need to make sure your divorce is recognized here⁸.

“Consent must be freely given in the presence of a solemnizing officer, as a marriage without consent or obtained through force, intimidation, or undue influence is considered voidable.”

Knowing the rules for marriage in the Philippines helps make sure your marriage is valid and recognized⁷⁸⁹.

Marriage License Application Process

Getting a marriage license is the first step for couples planning to get married in the Philippines¹⁰. The couple must get a license from the local civil registrar where one of them lives. This includes a public notice and a wait of¹¹ 10 days.

To start, set up an appointment by emailing the civil

re**********@ph*********.org











¹². Both partners need to be there to apply and bring the needed documents, like the Certificate of Legal Capacity to Contract Marriage (LCCM).

1. The marriage license is advertised for¹² 10 days before it’s given out.
2. This license is good for¹⁰¹² 120 days and expires if not used.
3. To get a Marriage Certificate, ask online from the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) within¹² 6 to 12 months at www.psa.gov.ph.

You’ll need to give several documents, like many Marriage License Application Forms¹², a PSA Birth Certificate with Apostille, and your Philippine Passport. You’ll also need proof of Filipino citizenship, photos, and pay¹⁰ US$25.00 for the license and¹⁰ US$60.00 for the ceremony.

Some may need extra papers, like being single, a widow/widower, or having a previous marriage annulled. If you’re 18-25, you’ll need your parents’ okay¹¹. You must be at least 18 to get married in the Philippines.

By following the right marriage license application process, couples can start their marriage journey smoothly in the Philippines.

“The marriage license application is a key first step for couples in the Philippines. Plan ahead and gather all needed documents for a smooth process.”

Solemnization and Authorized Officiants

In the Philippines, only certain people can make a marriage official. These include judges, priests, ministers, rabbis, imams, or those with government permission¹³. You can get married in places like churches, temples, courts, or even at consuls’ offices if you’re getting married abroad¹³. The person who makes you married must make sure it’s done right and that both people can legally get married¹³.

Public Ceremony Requirements

Getting married in the Philippines means having a public ceremony¹⁴. The couple and the person making them married must be there¹⁴. This public ceremony is key for the marriage to be legal¹⁴. Even if you want a small ceremony, you still need to have a public one to make it official¹⁴.

Qualified Solemnizing Officers

Many people can make marriages official in the Philippines¹³. This includes judges, priests, rabbis, imams, and ministers who get the okay from their group and register with the civil registrar¹³. In some cases, like when someone is dying, ship captains, airplane bosses, and military leaders can also marry people¹³. And if you’re getting married outside the Philippines, consuls or vice-consuls can do it¹³.

Even if the person making you married doesn’t have the right to do so, your marriage might still be okay if you both thought they could¹³.

“Our wedding day was a truly special moment for us. We wanted to keep the ceremony simple and fuss-free, and the team at Solemnizing Marriage Philippines helped us achieve that. They made the process seamless and ensured that our union was solemnized in accordance with the law.”
– Ron and Leza, newly married couple

Solemnizing Marriage Philippines is a top choice for making marriages official in the country¹⁵. They work with suppliers and wedding fans to make the ceremony process easier for couples¹⁵.

Philippine Marriage Laws

Marriage laws in the Philippines cover many aspects of this legal bond. They include the rules for a valid marriage and the rights and duties of married people¹⁶. These laws aim to protect marriage and the rights of those who get married.

To get married in the Philippines, you need to meet certain legal requirements¹⁶. You must have the legal right to marry, give your consent in front of an official, and have the official’s authority¹⁶. Before the wedding, couples must also attend a seminar on family planning¹⁶. In the Philippines, the tradition of “pamanhikan” means asking the woman’s parents for permission to marry¹⁶.

In the Philippines, couples can’t legally end their marriage, making it one of two countries with this rule, the other being the Vatican¹⁷. But, they can file for annulment or legal separation¹⁸. In 2013, over 10,000 petitions were filed to end marriages, with women filing more than half¹⁸. Getting an annulment can be expensive, costing between $2,000 to $10,000¹⁸.

Despite the challenges, many people support making divorce legal in the Philippines. A survey found 50% of adults support it, while 31% are against¹⁷. The Philippine Congress will end in May 2025, which could affect a divorce bill¹⁷.

In summary, the Philippine marriage laws are detailed, covering many aspects of marriage. They include legal requirements, annulment processes, and debates on divorce legalization. It’s important to know these laws if you’re thinking about getting married in the Philippines¹⁸¹⁷¹⁶.

Property Relations and Marital Regimes

In the Philippines, property laws for married couples come from the Family Code, Civil Code, and Property Registration Decree¹⁹. Couples can pick from three main property rules: Absolute Community of Property (ACP), Conjugal Partnership of Gains (CPG), or Complete Separation of Property²⁰.

Under ACP, all assets owned before and during marriage become shared. Both must agree on any deals or changes¹⁹. CPG says only property earned during marriage is shared, while pre-marriage assets stay personal²⁰. Complete Separation lets each person own and manage their own stuff without needing the other’s okay²⁰.

Titles under ACP often list both spouses, showing they own it together¹⁹. Under CPG, one person might own the title, but it could still be shared¹⁹. Selling or giving away property needs both spouses’ okay, especially under ACP¹⁹.

When one spouse dies, property gets divided by law, considering the marriage type and heirs¹⁹. Legal separation, annulment, or divorce decide how property is split¹⁹.

Couples can make a pre-marriage agreement to set their property rules, following legal rules and protecting creditors¹⁹. They can also change their property rules through court, making sure it’s legal¹⁹.

Available Property Regimes for Couples

The Philippines has three main property rules for couples:²⁰

• Conjugal Partnership of Gains (CPG)
• Absolute Community of Property (ACP)
• Complete Separation of Properties

For Filipino couples, the rule depends on when they got married. Before August 3, 1988, it’s CPG. After, it’s ACP²⁰.

For international couples, they can choose the law for their property from where one spouse is from, their current home, or a new home after marriage²⁰.

Experts suggest a prenuptial agreement to make property rules simpler²⁰.

“The regime of Conjugal Partnership of Gains is the most common property regime among middle-class married Filipinos, especially those who were married before August 3, 1988.”²¹

Conjugal Partnership of Gains splits property equally if the marriage ends, unless agreed otherwise²¹. After August 3, 1988, Absolute Community of Property makes all new and pre-marriage assets shared²¹. Complete Separation lets each keep their own stuff without needing the other’s say-so²¹¹⁹²⁰.

Spousal Rights and Obligations

In the Philippines, being married means you have certain rights and duties towards your spouse. The Family Code²² explains this. Marriage is seen as a “special contract of permanent union” between a man and a woman. You must be at least 18 years old to get married²². You don’t need a special form or religious ceremony, but you must get a marriage license from the local civil registrar²².

The Family Code also talks about what spouses must do for each other²³. Both husbands and wives must live together, love, respect, and be faithful to each other. They also need to help and support each other²³. If one spouse can’t live with the other for good reasons, the court might let them live apart²³.

Both spouses share the responsibility of supporting the family, using money from shared or separate earnings.²³ Running the household is a job for both partners²³. If one spouse can’t handle their marriage duties because of mental issues, the marriage might not be valid²³.

• 80% of what spouses must do includes living together, loving, respecting, and supporting each other as per Article 68 of the Philippine Marriage Laws²⁴.
• No one can sue for damages because of not meeting marriage duties as the laws say²⁴.
• Husbands can be charged with rape of their wives in the Philippines, as stated in Art.266-A of the Revised Penal Code²⁴.
• Long refusal to have sex can show a spouse is mentally unfit in marriage, as a Supreme Court case shows²⁴.
• The court can decide where the family lives if spouses can’t agree as per Article 69 of the Family Code²⁴.
• Spouses can live apart if they have good reasons, with court approval, as the laws explain²⁴.
• Both spouses are responsible for family support and expenses from shared or separate earnings, as Article 70 says²⁴.
• Both partners are in charge of the household and must pay for things as Article 70 states²⁴.
• Not doing duties or harming the family can lead to legal actions like separating legally, ending the marriage, or dividing property, as the text explains²⁴.

The laws in the Philippines aim to protect the family. They make sure spouses meet their duties to each other and their kids²⁴. Knowing these rights and duties helps build a strong, happy marriage that follows the Family Code’s rules²⁴.

Grounds for Nullity and Annulment

In the Philippines, the laws for ending a marriage are clear. They cover void marriages and annulments. These include not having the right legal steps, being mentally unfit, incest, going against public morals, marrying someone else, and marriages that are not valid from the start²⁵.

For annulment, reasons include not having parental okay, being insane, lying, being forced, unable to have sex, or having a serious disease²⁵. If a marriage is declared null, the shared property gets split and settled²⁵. Kids born before the nullity are seen as illegitimate, unless certain conditions apply²⁵. Deciding on child custody is based on what’s best for the child²⁵. Getting a marriage declared null or annulled in the Philippines can take 10 months to a few years²⁵.

Void and Voidable Marriages

Some marriages are seen as void right from the start in the Philippines. This includes being too young, not having parental consent, or being mentally unfit, or being in an incestuous relationship²⁶. Voidable marriages are those that are okay but have some issues. These can be not having parental consent if you’re 18 to 21, being mentally unfit, lying, being forced, unable to have sex, or having a serious disease²⁶.

Being mentally unfit is a common reason for annulment in the Philippines. Other reasons include being too young, not having a marriage license, marrying someone else, or being in an incestuous relationship²⁶. Getting a marriage annulled can be hard because you must prove the mental issue was there before marriage and can’t be fixed²⁶.

In 2024, a bill passed in the Senate to make it easier to end a marriage. It includes reasons like being apart for 5 years, being forced into marriage, violence, cheating, getting a divorce abroad, not getting along, or ending a marriage by a church or tribe²⁶.

Not having parental consent if you’re 18 to 21, being mentally ill, lying, being forced, unable to have sex, or having a serious disease at marriage are all reasons for annulment in the Philippines²⁷. But not being separated for a long time or cheating isn’t enough to annul a marriage²⁷.

“The grounds for annulment in the Philippines are clearly defined in the law, providing couples with a legal pathway to address issues in their marriage. Understanding these grounds is crucial for those seeking to dissolve their union.”

Marriages in the Philippines can be declared null or void for different reasons²⁵²⁶²⁷. This process is complex but important for couples to know. It helps protect their rights and the well-being of any children.

Legal Separation Under Philippine Law

In the Philippines, legal separation is an option instead of annulment. Legal separation lets married couples live apart without ending their marriage. It changes how they handle property and child care but doesn’t let them get married again. This is unlike divorce, which is not allowed in the Philippines for most people²⁸.

Legal separation is possible if there’s physical violence, addiction, or other serious issues²⁸. Getting a legal separation can take a few months to over a year, depending on the court’s workload and the case’s details²⁹.

Unlike getting an annulment, legal separation doesn’t end the marriage. Both people are still married and can’t get married again²⁸³⁰. The goal is to help couples live apart and settle issues like child care, property, and money support²⁹.

Before approving a legal separation, the court tries to fix the marriage problems²⁸. There’s a 6-month waiting period before starting the legal process²⁸.

To get a legal separation, you must file a petition and serve it to others involved²⁸. The process includes mediation and ends with a court order²⁸. The court usually gives custody of children to the innocent spouse²⁸.

Legal separation in the Philippines helps couples live apart while still being married. It deals with child care, property, and money issues. But, it’s different from divorce because it doesn’t end the marriage and doesn’t let remarriage without a foreign divorce³⁰.

“Legal separation in the Philippines allows married couples to live separately without ending their marriage bond, requiring obtaining a divorce in a foreign country to be able to remarry.”³⁰

Special Considerations for Muslim Marriages

In the Philippines, Muslim marriages follow the Code of Muslim Personal Laws. This law respects the unique customs of Filipino Muslims³¹. It sets rules and requirements for these marriages.

Mahr (dowry) shows the groom’s promise to support his wife. It’s a key part of Muslim marriages³¹. The need for a Wali (male guardian) during a Nikah shows the variety in Islamic views on marriage³¹. Muslim women can’t marry outside their faith, following old traditions and laws³¹.

The Nikah ceremony is a big event in Muslim culture. The couple says “Ijab-o-Qubul” and the groom gives Mahr with witnesses watching³¹. Islam allows polygamy under certain conditions. The husband must treat all wives fairly³¹.

Today, Muslim marriages face issues like interfaith relationships. Talking openly and getting advice from religious leaders is key³¹. Divorce can happen through Talaq, Khula, or a court order. These methods focus on solving problems and keeping marriage sacred³¹.

A 2016 Oxfam survey found 51% of marriages in Lanao del Sur were arranged, with 22% in Maguindanao³². Only 14% of women in Lanao del Sur agreed to their marriages, but 89% of men did³². After fighting in Marawi, more Maranao youth got married early³².

Experts like Anwar Radiamoda and Macrina Morados say getting both people’s consent is crucial in Muslim marriages³². They highlight the need for the minor’s consent too³². The law requires both partners to agree freely³².

Trying to stop child marriages is hard because of PD 1083, which lets the wali arrange marriages for Muslim women³². There’s a push to make child marriage illegal in the 18th Congress, aiming for a minimum age of 18³².

People want to raise the Muslim marrying age to 18, with help from ulama, Muslim leaders³². Islamic teachings stress preparing and educating people before marriage. Building strong families is a main goal³².

This guide helps solve issues at the intersection of Islamic and U.S. laws for American Muslims³³. It’s for judges, lawyers, and others who work with American Muslims³³. The guide is about understanding both Islamic and U.S. family laws³³.

A 2011 factsheet has stats on violence and help-seeking in Muslim communities³³. The goal is to protect Muslims’ civil rights and keep marriages safe³³.

A workshop on Gendered Islamophobia is for those fighting gender-based violence³³. It explores how gendered Islamophobia affects their work and how to fight it³³. Topics include community support, the War on Terror’s impact, and fighting Islamophobia in Asian American communities³³.

Cross-Border and Interfaith Marriages

If you’re a foreigner wanting to marry in the Philippines, you can do so. But, you must meet certain legal requirements. For interfaith marriages, there are more things to consider³⁴.

Requirements for Foreign Spouses

To marry in the Philippines as a foreigner, you need a certificate of legal capacity to contract marriage. This proves you can legally marry in your home country³⁵.

At the Philippine Embassy, there’s a ten-day wait before your marriage can be solemnized. The cost is SGD 229.50³⁵. You must bring two witnesses over 21, along with documents like birth certificates and passports³⁵.

If you’ve been married before or are a widow/widower, you might need more documents³⁵. Those 18 to 25 need a marriage counseling certificate, as the Family Code requires³⁵.

Interfaith Marriages in the Philippines

For interfaith marriages, one partner must be from the church of the officiant. A court rejected a challenge to a law that says marriage must follow the beliefs of the couple³⁴.

Before, interfaith couples easily registered their marriages at the Civil Court. But, the rules have changed over time³⁴. Some worry that these marriages could confuse the couple and their kids³⁴.

Yet, those in interfaith marriages say they respect each other’s beliefs without forcing them on each other³⁴. The article suggests the government should be more positive about diversity and not interfere with adult marriages³⁴.

Whether you’re a foreigner or in an interfaith marriage, the Philippines welcomes you. With the right legal knowledge and an open mind, you can make a strong, loving marriage³⁴.

Marry a Beautiful Filipina

The Philippines is known for its beauty and friendly people. It’s a top choice for couples wanting to get married. The country has a rich culture and clear marriage laws, making it perfect for couples to start their life together³⁶.

If you’re thinking of marrying a Filipino woman, you’ll find lots of help and support. The Philippines has a big online community for foreigners and Filipinas interested in international relationships and marriage³⁶.

One big plus of marrying a Filipina is their strong family values. They are seen as caring, faithful, and family-focused partners³⁷.

1. With a median age of 21.6 years for first marriage, you’ll have a partner ready to start a family and build a future³⁷.
2. The Philippines sees people starting families early, around 23 years old³⁷. It’s great for couples wanting to start a family quickly.
3. Even though the fertility rate is 1.9 children per woman, it’s dropping. This shows changing cultural views and personal choices³⁷.

Divorce is not allowed in the Philippines, but there are legal ways to end a marriage or separate. This helps couples deal with marriage issues³⁷.

“Getting married in the Philippines can be magical and unforgettable. The country’s culture and beauty make it perfect for couples to start their life together.”

Planning a wedding in the Philippines? You might consider virtual ceremonies or traditional Filipino jewelry, clothes, and rituals³⁸.

Adding these elements to your wedding makes it special and true to the Philippines’ culture³⁸.

Whether you want a traditional or modern wedding, the Philippines has many options. It’s a great place to marry a beautiful Filipina and start your life together³⁶.

Divorce: The Ongoing Debate

In the Philippines, divorce philippines is not legal for non-Muslim citizens. Yet, the idea of ending a marriage is still a topic of debate³⁹. The family code philippines offers options like annulment and legal separation. But, the lack of a divorce law has led to calls for change³⁹.

The proposed Absolute Divorce bill lists many reasons for divorce, like domestic abuse and drug addiction⁴⁰. It also includes grounds such as marital infidelity and irreconcilable differences⁴⁰. The bill requires a 10-year time frame to file for divorce after the issue starts⁴⁰. It also has a 60-day period for couples to try to work things out before going to court⁴⁰.

House Bill 9349 helps those with assets under P2.5 million by covering filing fees and offering free legal and psychological help⁴⁰. The bill also focuses on the well-being of children and the rights of the spouse who was wronged⁴⁰.

The debate on divorce philippines looks at the emotional and financial effects of ending a marriage⁴⁰. It also talks about how it might affect families and the need for support for family programs⁴⁰. The Philippines is one of the few countries without divorce laws³⁹. People have different views on it, with some supporting it and others opposing it³⁹.

There have been many bills to make divorce legal in Congress³⁹. But, getting everyone to agree is hard³⁹. Supporters say it could help with issues like domestic violence³⁹. Opponents believe it’s because of the strong Catholic influence in the Philippines³⁹.

The debate on the divorce philippines is intense and complex⁴¹. Supporters think it would be a better way to end a marriage than annulment⁴¹. Opponents worry about the big changes it could bring to society and families⁴¹.

“The absence of divorce in the Philippines is attributed to the deeply rooted Catholic traditions.”

Prenuptial Agreements in the Philippines

In the Philippines, prenuptial agreements are legal before marriage. They cover how couples will handle their money and property⁴². These agreements are useful for couples with big age or wealth differences, or if one has kids from before⁴².

To be valid, these agreements must be written and signed by a notary⁴². They also need to be recorded in certain official places⁴². If one part of the agreement is invalid, the whole thing doesn’t fall apart⁴². Kids aged 18 to 21 who can get married can make these agreements with the right permissions⁴².

For Filipino couples or those with a Filipino partner, these agreements let them pick which laws apply to their money matters⁴². This is great for couples from different places or faiths, who might have different laws or customs.

But, not many Filipino couples get prenuptial agreements⁴³. In 20 years, only about 10 clients asked for them, and half went through with it⁴³. This might be because some people don’t trust each other, or because they don’t cover things like child support⁴³.

Even so, prenuptial agreements can be really helpful. They make things clear about money, protect assets, and define who pays what⁴³. They can also protect things like family gifts and set rules for support if a couple splits⁴⁴.

For business couples, these agreements can say how the business will be run and handled in a split⁴⁴. It’s important to work with a lawyer who knows about family law and making these agreements in the Philippines⁴⁴.

In summary, while not many couples in the Philippines get prenuptial agreements, they can be very useful. They offer legal protection, clear money matters, and custom solutions for each couple’s needs.

Conclusion

The laws on marriage in the Philippines are complex and show the country’s deep respect for marriage⁴⁵. In the Philippines and the Vatican, divorce is banned for most people, except for Muslims⁴⁵⁴⁶. But, couples can end their marriage through annulment, legal separation, or nullity⁴⁷.

It’s important to know the details of Philippine marriage laws if you’re planning to get married here⁴⁵. With many women not working, the laws protect their rights and duties in marriage⁴⁵. This ensures their marriage is both a personal promise and a legal agreement that protects them.

The debate on allowing divorce in the Philippines is ongoing⁴⁷. Supporters say it would give people more freedom and protect them from abuse⁴⁷. But, the country’s courts support marriage a lot, with the Solicitor General’s Office helping to keep it strong⁴⁷. Women’s groups offer support to those going through tough times in their marriages⁴⁷. Knowing the laws helps make your marriage journey secure and happy.

Source Links

1. https://www.respicio.ph/commentaries/marriage-laws-in-the-philippines
2. https://www.brides.com/get-married-in-the-philippines-2303484
3. https://www.hg.org/legal-articles/marriage-and-its-validity-in-the-philippines-28688
4. https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/marriage-laws-in-the-philippines/151353788
5. https://nomadicfire.com/getting-married-in-the-philippines
6. https://www.demographic-research.org/volumes/vol36/50/36-50.pdf
7. https://www.respicio.ph/commentaries/marriage-laws-in-the-philippines-a-comprehensive-overview
8. https://filippinerne.um.dk/en/travel-and-residence/consular-services/marriage-in-the-philippines
9. https://tokyo.philembassy.net/consular-section/services/civil-registration/legal-capacity-to-contract-marriage-certification/
10. https://newyorkpcg.org/pcgny/civil-registration/getting-married-at-the-consulate/
11. https://www.eventplannerphilippines.com/marriage-registration-philippines/
12. https://philippineembassy-dc.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/SOLEMNIZATION-OF-MARRIAGE.pdf
13. https://pnl-law.com/blog/solemnizing-officers-allowed-to-officiate-marriages-under-philippine-laws/
14. https://carpolaw.com/weddings-101/
15. https://www.solemnizingmarriageph.com/
16. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marriage_and_wedding_customs_in_the_Philippines
17. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2024/7/5/we-are-not-criminals-philippines-considers-making-divorce-legal
18. https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2015/06/divorce-philippines-annulment/396449/
19. https://www.respicio.ph/commentaries/understanding-property-ownership-and-marital-status-in-philippine-law
20. https://www.divinalaw.com/dose-of-law/mine-marital-property-regimes-domestic-international-marriages/
21. https://steemit.com/philippines/@paulthebeloved/philippines-property-regimes-meaning-and-concepts
22. https://chanrobles.com/executiveorderno209.htm
23. https://www.alburolaw.com/rights-and-obligations-between-husband-and-wife/
24. https://atmysites.wordpress.com/category/the-family-code-of-the-philippines/title-iii-rights-and-obligations-between-husband-and-wife/
25. https://saklawph.com/annulment/
26. https://deborjalaw.com/grounds-for-annulment-in-the-philippines/
27. https://montanoflamianolaw.com/grounds-annulment-philippines/
28. https://saklawph.com/legal-separation/
29. https://www.respicio.ph/features/legal-separation-in-the-philippines
30. https://attorney.org.ph/legal-news/456-legal-separation-vs-annulment-in-the-philippines-what-s-the-difference
31. https://www.courtly.com/resources/muslim-marriage-rules
32. https://www.oxfam.ca/story/too-young-to-marry/
33. https://www.api-gbv.org/resources/islamic-marriage-contracts/
34. https://www.rappler.com/world/indonesia/103064-growing-up-interfaith-family-indonesia/
35. https://www.philippine-embassy.org.sg/marriage/solemnization/
36. https://www.expatforum.com/threads/married-in-the-philippines-divorced-in-the-us.1541169/
37. https://medium.com/inspirationalwomenseries/things-to-know-before-marrying-filipino-woman-7fe25e69d5e8
38. https://www.courtly.com/resources/filipino-wedding-traditions
39. https://www.respicio.ph/commentaries/exploring-the-legalization-of-divorce-in-the-philippines
40. https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/specialreports/908578/divorce-in-ph-humanitarian-imperative/story/
41. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/everything-you-need-know-divorce-bill-rziec
42. https://www.iafl.com/media/1162/prenuptial_agreements_in_the_philippines.pdf
43. https://business.inquirer.net/398749/for-better-or-for-worse-pre-nuptial-agreements
44. https://attorney.org.ph/legal-news/391-the-importance-of-pre-nuptial-agreements-in-the-philippines-a-guide-for-couples
45. https://igg-geo.org/?p=13576&lang=en
46. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divorce_in_the_Philippines
47. https://kontinentalist.com/stories/divorce-and-women-rights-in-the-philippines