Living Abroad Defined: What Is An Expat?

Have you ever wondered what it truly means to live abroad as an expat? Is it just about experiencing new cultures and exploring different countries? Or is there more to the expat life than meets the eye? If you’re curious about the ins and outs of international relocation and the unique challenges and opportunities it presents, then you’ve come to the right place. In this article, we’ll delve into the definition of an expat, their motivations for living abroad, and the advantages and challenges they face in their journey. So, let’s embark on this exploration and uncover what it truly means to be an expat.

• An expat is an individual who lives and/or works in a country other than their country of citizenship.
• Expats choose to live abroad temporarily or for work-related reasons.
• Living as an expat offers opportunities for personal and professional growth.
• Expats face challenges such as adapting to a new culture and being away from family and friends.
• Expatriate communities provide support and a sense of belonging for expats.

Expatriates, commonly known as expats, are individuals who leave their home country to live and work in another country. They are often professionals or skilled workers in their field, seeking new opportunities and experiences outside of their home country. Whether independently or through employment offers, expats take on positions in foreign countries, embracing the challenges and rewards that come with living abroad.

One of the key motivations for becoming an expat is the chance to earn higher salaries and receive additional benefits. Many companies offer relocation assistance, including housing allowances and support with the logistics of moving to a new country. These benefits not only provide financial security but also facilitate a smoother transition into expat life.

Living as an expat can be an exhilarating experience, offering unique opportunities for personal and professional growth. Expats have the chance to explore different cultures, languages, and traditions, broadening their perspectives and developing a global mindset. They can gain valuable work experience in diverse business environments, enhancing their skills and expanding their professional network.

However, being an expat is not without its challenges. Adapting to a new culture, language, and work environment can be both exciting and overwhelming. Expats may find themselves navigating unfamiliar customs, social norms, and bureaucratic processes. Additionally, being away from family and friends can lead to feelings of homesickness and isolation, requiring individuals to build new support networks in their host country.

Despite the challenges, the benefits of being an expat often outweigh the difficulties. The opportunity to live abroad opens doors to new experiences, self-discovery, and personal growth. Expats have the chance to immerse themselves in different cultures, develop cross-cultural communication skills, and gain a deeper appreciation for diversity. Furthermore, the international exposure and experience gained from working overseas can significantly enhance career prospects and open doors to new possibilities.

Living as an expat is an exciting adventure that offers unique opportunities for personal and professional growth. The challenges of adapting to a new culture and being away from loved ones are outweighed by the incredible rewards of living and working overseas.

The benefits of being an expat far outweigh the challenges, making it an enticing choice for individuals seeking a transformative experience. With an open mindset, adaptability, and a willingness to embrace new cultures, the expat journey can be a remarkable chapter in one’s life.

Retiring abroad has become an increasingly popular choice for individuals seeking a fulfilling and adventurous retirement. Many people are drawn to the idea of living in a different country, immersing themselves in new cultures, and enjoying the benefits of an expat retirement lifestyle. Moving to another country for retirement offers a multitude of advantages, making it an enticing option for those seeking a change of scenery and a higher quality of life.

One of the primary advantages of retiring abroad is the potential for a lower cost of living. Living expenses, including housing, healthcare, and everyday necessities, can be significantly more affordable in certain expat retirement destinations. This allows retirees to stretch their retirement savings further, ensuring a comfortable lifestyle without financial strain.

Another appealing aspect of retiring overseas is the opportunity to enjoy better climates. Popular retirement destinations often offer mild and pleasant weather year-round, providing retirees with the chance to enjoy outdoor activities, leisurely walks, and a healthier lifestyle. Whether it’s basking in the sunny beaches of Central America or experiencing the Mediterranean’s enchanting Mediterranean climate, retiring abroad allows individuals to escape harsh winters or sweltering summers.

When considering retiring abroad, there are numerous expat retirement destinations to choose from. Some popular regions for retirees include:

• Central and South America: Countries like Costa Rica, Panama, and Mexico offer stunning landscapes, affordable living costs, and a favorable climate.
• The Mediterranean: Countries along the Mediterranean coast, such as Spain, Portugal, and Italy, combine rich cultural histories, delectable cuisines, and a relaxed lifestyle.
• Parts of Europe: Countries like France, Greece, and Ireland have long been favored destinations for retirees, showcasing a mix of cosmopolitan cities, picturesque countryside, and an array of cultural experiences.

These are just a few examples of the many expat retirement destinations available. Each location offers its own unique blend of attractions, amenities, and lifestyle options, allowing retirees to find the perfect spot that suits their preferences and needs.

It’s important to note that retiring abroad also presents certain considerations and challenges. Tax implications, long-stay visas, and cultural differences are among the factors that retirees need to take into account when planning their international retirement. Seeking the guidance of experts in expat retirement planning and utilizing specialized services can help retirees navigate these complexities and make informed decisions.

In the next section, we will explore the tax obligations and considerations that expats should be aware of when retiring abroad.

Expatriate taxation is a crucial aspect for expats living and working abroad. Even if U.S. citizens and green card holders live overseas, they are still required to file tax returns with the Internal Revenue Service (IRS). However, there are provisions in the tax code that can help minimize the tax liability for expats.

One such provision is the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE), which allows expats to exclude a certain amount of their foreign income from their U.S. tax returns. This exclusion can significantly reduce the tax burden on expats, enabling them to keep more of their hard-earned money.

Additionally, there is the expatriation tax, which applies to individuals who have renounced their U.S. citizenship or long-term residency. This tax is designed to ensure that individuals who give up their U.S. status pay their fair share of taxes before they expatriate.

Understanding expatriate taxation is essential for expats to fulfill their tax obligations and avoid any legal issues. It is recommended that expats consult with tax professionals who specialize in expat taxation to navigate the complexities of tax laws in different countries and maximize their tax benefits.

The Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE) is a key provision that expats can take advantage of to reduce their U.S. tax liability. For tax year 2021, eligible expats can exclude up to $108,700 of their foreign earned income from their taxable income. This exclusion applies to income earned through employment or self-employment in a foreign country.

By utilizing the FEIE, expats can lower their taxable income and potentially qualify for lower tax rates. It is important to note that the FEIE does not exempt expats from filing tax returns; it only excludes a portion of their income from taxation.

The expatriation tax is applicable to individuals who have relinquished their U.S. citizenship or long-term residency. This tax is designed to ensure that individuals who choose to expatriate pay their fair share of taxes before leaving the country.

Under the expatriation tax rules, individuals who meet certain criteria, including having a net worth above a specified threshold or failing to certify five years of tax compliance, may be subject to an exit tax. The exit tax is calculated based on the individual’s net unrealized gains on their non-U.S. assets at the time of expatriation.

It is crucial for expats considering expatriation to understand the tax implications and consult with tax professionals to navigate the expatriation process effectively.

“Expatriate taxation plays a significant role in the lives of expats living and working abroad. Understanding the available provisions, such as the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion and the expatriation tax, can help expats alleviate their tax burden and ensure compliance with tax laws.” – Tax Specialist

Being an expat offers several advantages. Expats have the opportunity to experience new cultures, explore different countries, and develop a global perspective. Living and working abroad can also provide career advancement opportunities, exposure to diverse business environments, and the chance to learn new languages and skills. Additionally, expats may benefit from lower costs of living in certain countries and can enjoy the perks of international travel and adventure.

Being an expat is an opportunity to expand your horizons, both personally and professionally. It allows you to immerse yourself in different cultures, gain valuable insights, and develop a broader perspective of the world. The expat lifestyle offers the chance to advance your career, learn new skills, and build a diverse network. Not to mention, you can take advantage of lower living costs and embark on exciting international adventures. Embrace the advantages of being an expat and open yourself up to a world of possibilities!

While embarking on the journey of being an expat can be thrilling and life-changing, it is not without its fair share of challenges. Adjusting to a new culture, language, and work environment can be a daunting task for even the most adventurous individuals. The unfamiliarity and differences in customs, traditions, and social norms can create a sense of disorientation and confusion. Expats may find themselves in situations where they are unsure of how to navigate everyday tasks or interact with locals. However, with a positive attitude and an open mind, these challenges can be overcome with time and patience.

One of the most common challenges expats face is homesickness. Being away from family and friends, especially during holidays and special occasions, can evoke feelings of longing and loneliness. The nostalgia for familiar surroundings, routines, and support systems can be overwhelming. However, expats can cope with homesickness by establishing new connections and support networks in their host country, whether through expat communities, local friends, or online groups. Maintaining regular communication with loved ones back home can also provide a sense of connection and comfort.

Another difficulty faced by expats is the need to adapt to a new work environment. Different countries may have unique business cultures, professional etiquette, and work practices. Expats may encounter challenges in understanding and adhering to local business customs, communication styles, and expectations. This adjustment period may require flexibility, active observation, and proactive communication with colleagues and superiors. Embracing cultural differences and learning from local peers can help expats successfully integrate into the new work environment.

Additionally, bureaucracy in a foreign country can pose challenges for expats. Navigating visa processes, obtaining necessary permits, and understanding local regulations can be complex and time-consuming. Dealing with unfamiliar administrative procedures and paperwork may require patience and persistence. Seeking assistance from local experts, relocation services, or expat forums can provide valuable guidance and support in navigating the bureaucratic landscape.

“Living abroad offers a unique opportunity to grow personally and professionally, but it’s essential to acknowledge and prepare for the challenges that come with it.”

It is also common for expats to experience cultural differences that can lead to misunderstandings or discomfort. Variances in communication styles, norms of personal space, and social etiquettes can present unexpected obstacles in building relationships and integrating into the local community. However, embracing cultural diversity, being open to new experiences, and actively seeking cross-cultural understanding can help bridge these gaps and foster meaningful connections.

Overall, the challenges faced by expats are part of the transformative experience of living and working in a foreign country. It is important to acknowledge these challenges while also recognizing the personal growth and opportunities for self-discovery that come with them. By embracing the adventure, seeking support, and approaching challenges with resilience, expats can navigate the path to a fulfilling and enriching expat life.

Now, let’s take a look at some key insights into the challenges of being an expat in the table below:

By acknowledging these challenges and proactively finding ways to overcome them, expats can fully embrace the opportunities and rewards that come with their international journey.

Are you an expat looking to connect with others who share a similar experience? Expatriate communities are the perfect solution. These communities consist of individuals from the same or similar nationalities who have relocated to a foreign country. Being part of an expatriate community offers a support network that can provide a sense of belonging, comfort, and assistance in navigating life abroad.

Expatriate communities serve as a hub for expats to socialize, share resources, and exchange valuable information. Whether you’re looking for recommendations on local services, advice on cultural integration, or simply want to make new friends, these communities have got you covered.

Expatriate communities offer a variety of activities and services tailored to the needs of expats. From language and cultural exchange programs to international schools and recreational facilities, these communities provide a range of opportunities for personal and professional growth.

But it’s the connections formed within these expatriate communities that truly make them special. By connecting with other expats, you can build lifelong friendships, find a support system, and share experiences and insights. Expatriate communities foster a sense of camaraderie and understanding that can help ease the challenges of living in a foreign country.

Joining an expatriate community allows you to connect with like-minded individuals who are facing similar challenges and opportunities. By sharing your experiences and learning from others, you can gain valuable insights and expand your network. Expatriate communities also provide a platform for knowledge sharing, whether it’s about local customs, job opportunities, or the best places to eat in town.

Being part of an expatriate community can make a world of difference in your expat journey. It’s reassuring to have a support network of people who understand what you’re going through, and it can be a source of inspiration and new perspectives.

• Support network: Connect with other expats who can offer support, advice, and a listening ear.
• Socialization: Engage in social activities, events, and gatherings to meet new people and make friends.
• Resource sharing: Exchange helpful information, tips, and recommendations about living abroad.
• Cultural integration: Learn about the local culture, traditions, and customs from those who have experienced it firsthand.
• Opportunities for collaboration: Explore potential business partnerships, professional networking, and career opportunities.

Joining an expatriate community can make your expat experience more enjoyable, fulfilling, and enriching. So, if you’re ready to connect with other expats and make the most of your time abroad, don’t hesitate to seek out these vibrant communities.

The terms “expat” and “immigrant” are often used interchangeably, but there are distinctions between the two. Expats are individuals who live and work abroad temporarily or for specific purposes, while immigrants are individuals who permanently relocate to a foreign country.

While both expats and immigrants leave their home country to live abroad, the intention and duration of their stay differ. Expats typically move temporarily, often motivated by career opportunities or personal exploration. On the other hand, immigrants make a permanent move, seeking to establish a new home and integrate into the culture of their host country. This distinction in intent and duration contributes to the differing experiences and challenges faced by expats and immigrants.

Another factor that sets expats apart from immigrants is the perception of privilege. The term “expat” often carries connotations of a higher socioeconomic status and access to more opportunities. Expats are frequently associated with professions that offer higher wages and benefits, such as diplomats, international executives, or skilled professionals. Additionally, expats may receive relocation packages, housing allowances, and other perks that contribute to their perceived privilege.

The distinction between expats and immigrants can also be influenced by factors such as nationality, occupation, and duration of stay. Nationality plays a role in determining whether an individual is categorized as an expat or an immigrant. Someone from a developed country working temporarily in a developing country may be seen as an expat, while someone from a developing country relocating permanently to a developed country may be considered an immigrant.

It is important to recognize that the terms “expat” and “immigrant” are not mutually exclusive, and the lines between them can be blurry. An individual’s status may change over time as intentions and circumstances evolve. Nonetheless, understanding the distinctions between expats and immigrants can help foster a more inclusive and accurate portrayal of the diverse experiences within the global community.

Are you an expat struggling to navigate the complexities of filing taxes while living and working abroad? Look no further than expatriate tax services, specialized services designed to help expats fulfill their tax obligations with ease and confidence.

Expat tax services provide valuable assistance in understanding your tax liabilities, filing requirements, and potential tax benefits. Whether you’re a U.S. citizen or a foreign national working in a different country, these services ensure that you comply with both your home country’s tax laws and the tax laws of your host country.

By leveraging the expertise of tax professionals who specialize in expat taxation, you can simplify the process of filing taxes abroad and make informed financial decisions. These professionals have in-depth knowledge of international tax regulations, helping you navigate complex situations such as foreign earned income exclusion, foreign tax credits, and tax treaties between countries.

Working with expatriate tax services offers several advantages. First, you gain peace of mind knowing that you are meeting your tax obligations accurately and efficiently. Second, you can maximize your tax benefits and potential refunds by taking advantage of available deductions and exclusions. Finally, these services save you time and effort by handling the intricate details of tax compliance, allowing you to focus on other aspects of your expat life.

“Expat tax services simplify the complex process of filing taxes abroad and help expats make informed financial decisions.”

Expat tax services offer a range of benefits tailored to the unique tax needs of expats:

• Expert Guidance: Experienced tax professionals knowledgeable in expat taxation provide accurate and up-to-date advice, ensuring you stay compliant with complex tax regulations.
• Tax Planning: Expat tax services help you develop effective tax planning strategies to minimize your tax liability and maximize your financial benefits.
• Filing Assistance: These services handle the preparation and submission of your tax returns, eliminating the confusion and stress associated with navigating unfamiliar tax systems.
• Supportive Resources: Expat tax services offer ongoing support and access to resources that address frequently asked tax questions and provide valuable information on tax compliance.

With the help of expatriate tax services, you can have peace of mind knowing that your tax obligations are taken care of while you focus on enjoying your expat adventure.

The globalization of expats is a phenomenon driven by advancements in technology, the ease of travel, and the global nature of business. This has led to an increasing number of individuals choosing to live and work abroad. The expat population has grown significantly in recent years, as more people are seeking international opportunities for personal and professional growth.

This global mobility has contributed to a more interconnected world, where diverse cultures and perspectives come together. It has allowed individuals to experience different countries, languages, and lifestyles, fostering a sense of understanding and appreciation for global diversity.

The globalization of expats has also brought economic benefits to both the host and home countries. Expats often bring in valuable skills, expertise, and investments that contribute to the growth and development of local economies. They create jobs, foster innovation, and enhance cultural exchange.

“The globalization of expats has led to a more interconnected world, with diverse cultures and perspectives coming together in various locations.”

Table:

The globalization of expats is a testament to the interconnectedness of our world. It offers individuals the chance to explore new horizons, broaden their perspectives, and contribute to the diversity and growth of societies across the globe.

Expatriating refers to the act of giving up one’s citizenship or long-term residency in their home country. This decision can have significant tax implications that expatriates need to consider. When expatriating, individuals may be subject to an exit tax known as the expatriation tax.

The expatriation tax applies to individuals who meet certain criteria, including having a net worth above a certain threshold and not certifying five years of tax compliance. It is important for expatriates to understand the implications and obligations associated with expatriating to ensure a smooth transition.

When expatriating, individuals may face various tax consequences, including:

• Expatriation Tax: The expatriation tax is imposed on individuals who meet specific criteria, such as a high net worth. It is essential for expatriates to understand the rules surrounding this tax and how it may impact their financial situation.
• Lingering Tax Obligations: Even after expatriating, individuals may still have ongoing tax obligations in their home country. These obligations can include filing tax returns for certain types of income or assets.
• Certain Tax Benefits Lost: Expatriation may result in the loss of certain tax benefits or deductions that were available to individuals while they were citizens or residents of their home country. It is crucial to understand how expatriating may affect these benefits.

Given the complexity of international tax laws and the potential implications of expatriating, it is advisable for individuals considering expatriation to seek professional tax advice. A tax specialist with expertise in expatriate taxation can guide individuals through the process, ensure compliance with relevant tax regulations, and help minimize any potential tax liabilities.

“Understanding the tax implications of expatriating is crucial to make informed decisions about future financial arrangements. Seeking expert advice will help ensure compliance and optimize tax planning.”

The expatriate lifestyle offers a unique and enriching experience of living overseas and fully immersing oneself in a different culture. It allows individuals to step out of their comfort zone and embrace new traditions, cuisines, and customs, which can significantly enhance their global perspective and personal growth. Living as an expat involves more than just relocating to a new country; it requires adaptability, openness, and a willingness to embrace diversity.

One of the significant aspects of the expat lifestyle is adapting to different work environments. Expats may find themselves working in multinational companies, startups, or local businesses, each with its own unique work culture. This exposure to diverse business environments can broaden their professional horizons, provide new opportunities for career advancement, and foster a greater understanding of cross-cultural communication.

Furthermore, living as an expat often means learning new languages or at least basic local phrases. This language acquisition process allows expats to connect more deeply with the local community, access new experiences, and build stronger relationships. The ability to communicate in the local language not only facilitates day-to-day interactions but also demonstrates a sincere effort to engage with and understand the culture.

“Living overseas allows you to fully immerse yourself in a different culture, fostering personal growth and expanding your horizons.”

In addition, the expat lifestyle encourages cultural immersion and exploration. Expats have the opportunity to embrace the rich artistic expressions, historical landmarks, and local customs of their host country. Whether it’s attending local festivals, trying regional delicacies, or participating in traditional activities, expats can broaden their understanding and appreciation of cultural diversity.

The expatriate lifestyle also fosters resilience and adaptability. Moving to a foreign country requires individuals to navigate unfamiliar environments, overcome challenges, and develop problem-solving skills. Expats learn to step outside of their comfort zones and embrace change with an open mind, building a strong sense of resilience and adaptability that can benefit them both personally and professionally.

Overall, the expatriate lifestyle offers a unique blend of adventure, personal growth, and cultural immersion. Expats have the opportunity to explore, learn, and embrace the diversity of the world, opening doors to new perspectives and enriching experiences.

“Living as an expat opens up a world of possibilities and allows you to develop a unique set of skills and a broader understanding of different cultures.”

To fully appreciate the expat lifestyle, it is important to embrace the local culture, connect with the community, and remain open to new experiences. By doing so, expats can create a fulfilling and enriching life overseas while making lasting connections and memories.

Living as an expat is a transformative experience that offers a unique blend of personal and professional growth. It provides the opportunity to embrace cultural immersion, adaptability, and cross-cultural communication skills. By fully embracing the expatriate lifestyle, individuals can create a fulfilling and enriching life overseas while broadening their horizons and embracing diversity.

When it comes to tax considerations for expats, there are a few key factors to keep in mind. Understanding the filing requirements of both your home country and your host country is crucial to ensure compliance and avoid any legal issues.

Expats may be eligible for tax benefits that can help minimize their tax liability. The foreign earned income exclusion allows expats to exclude a certain amount of their foreign income from their tax returns, reducing their overall tax burden. Additionally, foreign tax credits can be used to offset taxes paid to the host country.

One important aspect for expats to consider is any tax treaty between their home country and their host country. Tax treaties are agreements that countries establish to avoid double taxation and provide additional tax benefits. These treaties can help expats avoid being taxed on the same income by both their home country and their host country.

By being aware of these tax considerations and taking advantage of any applicable tax benefits or treaties, expats can effectively manage their tax obligations and maximize their financial outcomes.

When it comes to expats and taxes, there are several misconceptions that can lead to confusion and potential legal issues. It’s important for expats to understand and comply with their tax obligations to avoid penalties and ensure expat tax compliance. Let’s debunk some common expat tax misconceptions:

One common misconception is that expats are not required to file tax returns if they live and work abroad. However, the reality is that most expats are still obligated to file tax returns with their home country’s tax authority. Failing to file tax returns can result in penalties and legal consequences.

Another misconception is that expats are automatically exempt from paying taxes in their host country. While tax treaties and foreign income exclusions can provide relief from double taxation, expats may still be subject to tax obligations in both their home country and their host country. It is crucial for expats to understand the specific tax laws and regulations of each country to ensure compliance and avoid any surprises.

By understanding these common misconceptions and taking proactive steps to meet their tax obligations, expats can enjoy their international experience with peace of mind. Expatriate tax services can provide guidance and support in navigating the complexities of expat tax compliance, ensuring expats maximize their financial benefits while staying on the right side of the law.

It’s crucial for expats to be aware of these misconceptions and seek professional advice when it comes to their tax compliance. By working with experienced expatriate tax services, expats can ensure they meet their tax requirements, minimize their tax liability, and focus on enjoying their expatriate experience to the fullest.

Double taxation is a situation where an individual is subjected to taxes on the same income by two different countries. For expats, this can be a concern if both their home country and their host country claim the right to tax their income. However, there are measures in place to prevent or minimize this double taxation.

Many countries have tax treaties in effect to address this issue. Tax treaties are agreements between two or more countries that outline the rules for the taxation of individuals and companies with cross-border activities. These treaties often include provisions to ensure that individuals are not unfairly taxed on the same income by both their home country and their host country.

One common provision found in tax treaties is the foreign income exclusion. This provision allows expats to exclude a certain amount of their foreign earned income from their home country’s tax calculations. By excluding a portion of their income, expats can reduce their overall tax liability and avoid being taxed twice on the same earnings.

Another provision commonly found in tax treaties is the foreign tax credit. This provision allows expats to offset any taxes paid to their host country by claiming a credit against their home country’s tax liability. By utilizing this credit, expats can avoid being taxed twice on the same income, as their home country recognizes and accounts for the taxes already paid to the host country.

It is important for expats to be familiar with the tax treaties between their home country and their host country to ensure they understand their rights and responsibilities. By leveraging the provisions within these treaties, expats can avoid double taxation and optimize their tax situation.

In addition to tax treaties, there may also be other mechanisms in place to address double taxation, such as unilateral measures taken by individual countries. These measures can vary depending on the tax laws and regulations of each country.

Ultimately, it is crucial for expats to consult with tax professionals who specialize in expatriate taxation to navigate the complexities of tax treaties and ensure compliance with both their home country’s tax laws and their host country’s tax regulations. Seeking expert advice can help expats maximize their tax benefits and avoid potential legal issues.

It is essential for expats to understand the implications of double taxation and take proactive measures to prevent or minimize it. By being aware of the tax treaties and provisions available to them, expats can ensure that they are not unfairly taxed and can enjoy the benefits of living and working abroad.

Becoming an expat offers the opportunity for a unique and enriching lifestyle. It opens doors to explore new cultures, gain global business exposure, and enhance personal and professional growth. However, navigating the complexities of living and working abroad also comes with tax obligations that must be understood and complied with.

Expats face the challenge of following tax laws in both their home country and their host country. Failure to meet tax requirements can lead to legal issues and financial penalties. To ensure a smooth expat experience, expatriate tax services are available to provide guidance and support in managing tax obligations.

Expatriate tax services specialize in helping expats understand their tax liabilities, filing requirements, and potential tax benefits. By seeking assistance from these professionals, expats can ensure compliance with tax laws while maximizing financial benefits. Expatriate tax services simplify the complex process of filing taxes abroad, allowing expats to focus on enjoying their unique expat lifestyle with peace of mind.

• https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/expatriate.asp
• https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20170119-who-should-be-called-an-expat
• https://www.hrblock.com/expat-tax-preparation/resource-center/filing/status/what-is-an-expat/