Exploring Visual Arts In The Philippines Gems

When you think of the Philippines, what comes to mind? Beautiful beaches, delicious food, and a lively culture, perhaps. But did you know that the Philippines is also home to a vibrant and diverse visual arts scene? From traditional crafts to contemporary masterpieces, Filipino visual artists have been making their mark on the global art stage.

If you’ve ever wondered about the artistic heritage of the Philippines or wanted to discover the latest developments in Filipino contemporary art, this article is for you. Join us as we delve into the world of Filipino visual arts, uncovering hidden gems and shedding light on the rich tapestry of artistic expression in this dynamic island nation.

• The Philippines has a rich artistic heritage, from traditional crafts to contemporary masterpieces.
• The country’s contemporary visual arts scene is thriving, with Filipino artists gaining international recognition.
• Traditional Philippine art plays a vital role in preserving the country’s cultural heritage.
• Visual arts exhibitions and museums provide platforms for both established and emerging Filipino artists.
• Various organizations in the Philippines support and promote visual arts in the country.

The Philippine contemporary visual arts scene has experienced significant growth and recognition in recent years. Talented Filipino visual artists have been making their mark on the international art stage, shining a spotlight on the vibrant Filipino art scene. This dynamic art movement not only showcases the artistic talent of the Philippines but also reflects the socio-political landscape and cultural diversity of the country.

Contemporary art developments in the Philippines have sparked a wave of exciting new forms of artistic expression. Filipino artists are pushing boundaries, experimenting with different mediums, and exploring innovative techniques. Their works address various social issues and shed light on the Filipino perspective, creating thought-provoking pieces that captivate audiences worldwide.

“The contemporary art scene in the Philippines offers a fresh and unique perspective on artistic expression, capturing the ever-evolving nature of society and culture.”

With its rich history and cultural heritage, the Philippines has become a melting pot of creative ideas and influences. Filipino contemporary visual artists draw inspiration from their roots while embracing modern artistic movements. This fusion of traditional and contemporary influences creates a dynamic and diverse art scene that captivates and resonates with viewers.

The growth of Philippine contemporary visual arts has not only provided opportunities for artists but has also brought recognition to the country’s art and culture. Museums, galleries, and art institutions internationally are featuring Filipino artists and their works, contributing to the global recognition of Filipino art.

As the Filipino art scene continues to evolve and flourish, it creates an avenue for dialogue, expression, and exploration. It encourages viewers to engage with art that challenges conventional norms and explores new perspectives. The developments in contemporary art in the Philippines signify the creativity, resilience, and innovation of Filipino artists, making them an integral part of the global art conversation.

Philippine contemporary visual artists are pushing the boundaries of traditional artistic practices by adopting new mediums and techniques. They embrace experimentation, incorporating mixed media, installations, performance art, and digital platforms into their creative processes. This freedom of expression allows artists to expand their artistic horizons and challenge the notion of what art can be.

Through their exploration of various themes, from identity and cultural heritage to social issues and environmental concerns, Filipino visual artists contribute to the wider discourse on contemporary art. Their works provoke thought, spark conversations, and encourage viewers to critically engage with the world around them.

The artistic traditions of the Philippines are deeply rooted in the country’s rich cultural heritage. From generation to generation, Filipino visual artists have dedicated themselves to preserving and showcasing the unique art forms that capture the essence of Philippine culture. These traditional art practices, ranging from indigenous crafts to religious iconography, play a vital role in celebrating and safeguarding the country’s artistic legacy.

With their impeccable craftsmanship and attention to detail, Filipino visual artists have mastered traditional techniques that have been passed down through centuries. These artists are not just practitioners of their crafts; they are custodians of an illustrious tradition, committed to upholding the cultural heritage of the Philippines. Their art forms tell stories and reflect the beliefs, values, and customs of the Filipino people, making them an essential part of the country’s collective identity.

One of the captivating aspects of traditional Philippine art is the diverse aesthetics it encompasses. Each region in the Philippines has its distinct artistic style, showcasing the vibrant mosaic of cultures that exist within the country. From the intricate weavings of the Igorot tribes in the north to the intricate woodcarvings of the Visayas region, every traditional art form tells a tale of craftsmanship, creativity, and cultural significance.

Through their creations, Filipino visual artists have not only preserved the traditional art forms but have also breathed new life into them. They infuse contemporary elements and personal interpretations while staying true to the essence of the traditional art form. This seamless fusion of the old and new keeps the tradition evolving while still honoring its roots, creating art that resonates with both the past and the present.

The preservation of traditional Philippine art is of utmost importance for the Filipino society. These art forms provide a tangible link to the country’s history, connecting present generations to their ancestors and their cultural legacy. They serve as reminders of the resilience, ingenuity, and creativity of the Filipino people through the ages.

Moreover, traditional Philippine art plays a crucial role in promoting cultural understanding and appreciation. It allows people from different backgrounds to immerse themselves in the beauty and diversity of Philippine culture, fostering a sense of unity and pride. It also serves as a valuable educational resource, enabling future generations to learn about their heritage and inspiring them to carry on the traditions of their ancestors.

The traditional art forms of the Philippines are not confined to museums or galleries; they are incorporated into daily life and celebrations. They are woven into the fabric of Philippine society, enriching the visual landscape and serving as a constant reminder of the country’s artistic legacy. Whether it’s the intricately designed traditional costumes worn during festivals or the religious statues adorning churches, traditional Philippine art permeates every aspect of Filipino life.

As the world becomes increasingly globalized, preserving traditional art forms becomes even more crucial. They provide a sense of cultural identity and authenticity in a rapidly changing world, reminding us of the unique stories, skill, and craftsmanship that define the Filipino people. By supporting and celebrating traditional Philippine art, we ensure that future generations will continue to be inspired and captivated by the beauty and cultural significance of these timeless art forms.

An example of traditional Philippine art showcasing the intricate craftsmanship of Filipino visual artists.

Visual arts exhibitions in the Philippines provide a captivating platform for both established and emerging Filipino artists to showcase their talents and connect with a wider audience. These exhibitions serve as a celebration of the diversity and creativity of Philippine art and culture, highlighting various art forms and styles. They offer a unique opportunity for art enthusiasts and collectors to immerse themselves in the vibrant world of Filipino artworks.

These exhibitions feature a wide range of visual arts, including paintings, sculptures, photography, installations, and mixed media. They often explore a variety of themes, from traditional cultural influences to contemporary social issues, reflecting the evolving landscape of Philippine society.

“Filipino art exhibitions are a testament to the immense talent and artistic expression found in the country,” says renowned art critic, Maria Santos. “They offer a window into the rich tapestry of Philippine art and culture, providing visitors with a truly immersive and enlightening experience.”

Through these exhibitions, artists have the opportunity to gain recognition, build their artistic network, and inspire future generations. For emerging artists, these exhibitions can be a stepping stone to establishing their careers and gaining exposure in the art world.

“Attending a visual arts exhibition in the Philippines is a journey through the vibrant and diverse Filipino art scene,” says art collector, Juan Ramirez. “It is an opportunity to discover new talents, experience unique artistic expressions, and support the growth of the Philippine art community.”

These exhibitions are regularly held in various venues, including museums, galleries, cultural centers, and alternative art spaces. They contribute to the cultural landscape of the Philippines, attracting local and international visitors who are eager to explore the depth and beauty of Filipino visual arts.

In addition to showcasing artworks, these exhibitions often feature educational programs, artist talks, workshops, and guided tours. They aim to engage the public and foster a deeper appreciation for Philippine art and culture.

To truly appreciate the impact of visual arts exhibitions in the Philippines, it is essential to highlight some of the notable events in recent years:

The Philippine Art Awards is a prestigious annual competition that recognizes outstanding contemporary Filipino artists. It provides a platform for artists to exhibit their works and compete for various awards and honors. The exhibition showcases the best of Philippine contemporary art and celebrates the exceptional talents within the local art community.

The Aninag Exhibition focuses on promoting and preserving indigenous art in the Philippines. It showcases the diverse artistic traditions of different indigenous communities, highlighting their unique cultural identities. This exhibition raises awareness about the importance of indigenous art and supports the indigenous artists in their creative endeavors.

The Manila Art Fair is an annual event that supports emerging Filipino artists. It provides a platform for young talents to showcase their works alongside established artists, fostering an inclusive and supportive environment for artistic growth. This exhibition enables art lovers to discover promising artists and invest in their artwork.

Visual arts exhibitions in the Philippines play a crucial role in promoting and preserving the rich artistic heritage of the country. They contribute to the growth of the local art scene, encourage dialogue and cultural exchange, and inspire creativity among artists and art enthusiasts alike.

These exhibitions provide a window into the soul of Philippine art and culture, offering a glimpse of the narratives, traditions, and contemporary expressions that shape the Filipino identity.

Supporting the growth of visual arts in the Philippines is essential for nurturing artistic talent and fostering a vibrant art community. Numerous organizations in the country are dedicated to this cause, providing valuable resources, training programs, and networking opportunities for Filipino visual artists. Through their initiatives, these organizations aim to promote artistic excellence, facilitate artist development, and contribute to the overall advancement of the visual arts in the Philippines.

Visual arts organizations play a crucial role in supporting artists at various stages of their careers, from aspiring talents to established professionals. They offer educational programs that encompass a wide range of art disciplines, including painting, sculpture, photography, digital art, and more. These programs provide artists with the necessary skills, techniques, and knowledge to enhance their creative abilities and expand their artistic horizons.

Networking opportunities are another valuable aspect offered by these organizations, allowing artists to connect with fellow creators, industry experts, and potential collaborators. By fostering a sense of community and facilitating collaborations, visual arts organizations in the Philippines encourage an exchange of ideas, diverse perspectives, and artistic growth.

Being part of a visual arts organization helps artists establish a support system, gain exposure, and stay updated with the latest trends and opportunities in the art world. It creates a sense of belonging, motivation, and encouragement, which are essential for sustaining a successful artistic practice.

Furthermore, these organizations organize events, workshops, and exhibitions that provide platforms for artists to showcase their works to a wider audience. Exhibitions allow artists to receive feedback, build their portfolios, and potentially sell their artworks. Workshops and seminars conducted by experienced artists and industry professionals offer valuable insights and learning opportunities, helping artists refine their craft and stay relevant in a rapidly evolving art landscape.

Here is a list of prominent visual arts organizations in the Philippines:

These organizations, along with many others, are instrumental in building a robust visual arts ecosystem in the Philippines. Their efforts contribute to the recognition and appreciation of Filipino visual artists on both local and international platforms, ensuring that the country’s artistic heritage remains vibrant and celebrated.

The National Museum of Fine Arts in Manila is a treasure trove of Filipino art and culture. It houses a vast collection of artworks, including world-renowned masterpieces by Filipino artists such as Juan Luna and Fernando Amorsolo. A visit to this museum offers a glimpse into the rich artistic heritage of the Philippines and showcases the evolution of Filipino visual arts throughout history.

Upon entering the National Museum of Fine Arts, visitors are greeted by a sense of awe as they are surrounded by captivating artworks that reflect the creativity and talent of Filipino artists. The museum’s impressive collection spans various artistic periods and styles, allowing visitors to appreciate the diversity and ingenuity of Filipino visual arts.

“The National Museum of Fine Arts is the perfect destination for art enthusiasts and culture aficionados. With its extensive collection of Filipino masterpieces, visitors can immerse themselves in the beauty and significance of Philippine art.”

One of the highlights of the museum is the collection of masterpieces by renowned Filipino artists. The exquisite paintings of Juan Luna, famous for his iconic work “Spolarium,” provide a glimpse into the historical narratives and emotions of the Filipino people. Fernando Amorsolo’s vibrant landscapes and portraits capture the essence of Filipino life and culture, showcasing the artist’s mastery of light and color.

Walking through the museum’s galleries, visitors can witness the evolution of Filipino visual arts from the colonial era to the present day. From religious paintings and classical sculptures to modern and contemporary artworks, the museum presents a comprehensive overview of the Filipino art scene.

The National Museum of Fine Arts is not only a showcase of individual masterpieces but also a repository of the Philippine artistic heritage. The museum’s collection includes traditional crafts, intricate textiles, and historical artifacts, providing insights into the cultural and artistic traditions of the Filipino people.

Visitors can also explore the different art movements that have shaped the Philippine art scene, such as the romanticism of the 19th century, the modernist influences of the 20th century, and the contemporary expressions of Filipino artists today.

When planning a visit to the National Museum of Fine Arts, it is essential to check the museum’s operating hours and any temporary exhibitions or events that may be taking place. Admission is generally free, making it accessible to locals and tourists alike.

Whether you’re a seasoned art enthusiast or simply curious about Filipino art and culture, a visit to the National Museum of Fine Arts is a must. Immerse yourself in the world of Filipino visual arts and gain a deeper appreciation for the talent, creativity, and heritage of the Filipino people.

The BenCab Museum, located in Baguio City, is a remarkable tribute to National Artist Benedicto Cabrera. Widely regarded for his iconic artworks, the museum showcases a comprehensive collection of Cabrera’s works, offering visitors a deep insight into the life and artistry of one of the most influential figures in Filipino contemporary art.

Within the halls of the BenCab Museum, art enthusiasts can immerse themselves in the captivating world of Cabrera’s creativity. The museum exhibits a diverse range of his masterpieces, including his famous painting “Sabel,” a poignant portrayal of a marginalized figure in Philippine society.

The aesthetic allure of the BenCab Museum goes beyond the artworks it houses. The museum itself is an architectural masterpiece, nestled amidst lush mountains and serene landscapes, providing a captivating backdrop that complements the artistic treasures within.

Visitors to the BenCab Museum not only have the opportunity to appreciate Cabrera’s artworks, but also to gain a deeper understanding of the artist himself. The museum offers insights into his artistic journey, inspirations, and creative process, allowing art enthusiasts to connect with Cabrera on a profound level.

“Art is never finished, only abandoned.” – Benedicto Cabrera

The BenCab Museum is more than just a tribute to Benedicto Cabrera; it serves as a testament to the power of art in capturing the essence of Philippine culture and society. It stands as a beacon of inspiration, encouraging visitors to explore their own artistic expressions and appreciate the beauty that lies within Filipino contemporary art.

The Pinto Art Museum in Antipolo City is a haven for art enthusiasts and culture lovers alike. Nestled in a picturesque setting, this sprawling museum showcases a diverse collection of contemporary Filipino art, making it a must-visit destination for anyone looking to immerse themselves in the vibrant world of Filipino visual arts.

The museum’s serene ambiance and stunning architecture provide the perfect backdrop for the artworks on display. From paintings and sculptures to installations and mixed media pieces, the Pinto Art Museum offers a comprehensive exploration of the current trends and expressions in Filipino contemporary art.

Visitors can stroll through the museum’s expansive grounds and explore its various exhibition spaces. The carefully curated displays highlight the talent and creativity of Filipino artists, offering a glimpse into the vibrant art scene in the country.

“Pinto Art Museum is a hidden gem that celebrates the diversity and ingenuity of Filipino contemporary art. It’s a must-visit destination for art enthusiasts looking for new perspectives and fresh artistic expressions.”

With its captivating artworks and tranquil surroundings, the Pinto Art Museum provides a truly immersive experience that will leave visitors inspired and appreciative of the thriving contemporary art scene in the Philippines.

The Yuchengco Museum in Makati City is a testament to the invaluable contributions of women in Filipino art. This remarkable museum showcases the works of Anita Magsaysay-Ho and other female members of the “13 moderns,” a group of pioneering artists who played a significant role in shaping the Philippine art scene.

Through thought-provoking exhibitions and programs, the Yuchengco Museum highlights the artistic achievements and creative vision of these extraordinary women. It provides a platform for recognizing their immense talent and the lasting impact they have had on Philippine visual arts.

One of the notable artists featured in the museum is Anita Magsaysay-Ho, known for her iconic portrayals of women in rural Philippine settings. Her vibrant and expressive paintings capture the beauty, resilience, and everyday struggles of Filipino women, offering a profound insight into their lives.

“My paintings show the real life of people, their thoughts, happiness, sadness, and their simplicity in the Philippine countryside.”

The Yuchengco Museum’s dedication to celebrating women in Filipino art creates a platform for diverse perspectives and narratives. It fosters inclusivity and empowers future generations of female artists to forge their own paths and make meaningful contributions to the art world.

The Yuchengco Museum not only showcases the artistic achievements of women but also actively supports and empowers them. Through educational initiatives and mentorship programs, the museum cultivates talent, encourages artistic expression, and provides opportunities for professional growth.

This commitment to empowering women artists creates a nurturing environment where creativity flourishes and new artistic voices emerge. By amplifying these voices and embracing a diverse range of perspectives, the Yuchengco Museum contributes to the continued evolution and vibrancy of Filipino visual arts.

In addition to its focus on women artists, the Yuchengco Museum houses an impressive collection of contemporary art, showcasing the diversity and innovation of the Filipino art scene as a whole. From paintings and sculptures to installations and multimedia works, the museum offers a rich tapestry of artistic expressions.

Visitors can immerse themselves in the thought-provoking exhibitions, exploring the intersections of art, culture, history, and society. The Yuchengco Museum provides a unique opportunity to engage with Filipino art and gain a deeper understanding of the dynamic narratives embedded within each artwork.

The Yuchengco Museum actively collaborates with local artists, organizations, and institutions, strengthening the ties within the Filipino art community. Through partnerships, workshops, and events, the museum fosters connections, dialogue, and collaboration, further enriching the artistic landscape in the Philippines.

With its commitment to celebrating women in Filipino art and supporting the wider art community, the Yuchengco Museum continues to make significant contributions to the artistic development and cultural heritage of the Philippines.

The National Museum of Anthropology in Manila provides a captivating journey into the diverse cultural heritage of the Philippines. This esteemed institution houses a remarkable collection of artifacts, artworks, and exhibits that celebrate the indigenous cultures of the country. Through the visual arts and various other artistic expressions, visitors can delve into the richness and intricacies of Filipino culture.

As you step into the National Museum of Anthropology, you will be greeted by a captivating display of indigenous artifacts and artworks that offer insights into the traditions, customs, and beliefs of the Filipino people. From intricately woven textiles to ancient pottery, each artifact tells a unique story of the indigenous communities that have shaped the cultural fabric of the Philippines.

One of the highlights of the museum is the extensive collection of ancestral jewelry and adornments. These exquisite pieces showcase the exquisite craftsmanship and artistry of Filipino artisans throughout history. The intricate metalwork, vivid gemstones, and detailed carvings are testaments to the skill and creativity of the Filipino people.

“The National Museum of Anthropology offers a compelling exploration of Filipino culture, with its diverse collection of artifacts and artworks shedding light on the traditions and history of the indigenous communities in the Philippines.”

Throughout the museum, visitors can also find visual arts exhibitions that highlight the contemporary expressions of Filipino culture. These exhibitions feature the works of modern Filipino artists who draw inspiration from their rich cultural heritage. From paintings depicting traditional practices to sculptures representing indigenous beliefs, these artworks provide a fresh and dynamic perspective on Filipino culture.

The National Museum of Anthropology also offers interactive displays that provide a deeper understanding of Filipino culture. Through multimedia presentations, visitors can explore the diverse practices, rituals, and languages of different indigenous communities. These immersive exhibits allow visitors to engage with the cultural heritage of the Philippines in a hands-on and educational way.

Visiting the National Museum of Anthropology is a remarkable opportunity to immerse yourself in the rich tapestry of Filipino culture. Through the visual arts, interactive displays, and thoughtfully curated artifacts, you can gain a deeper appreciation for the indigenous communities that make up the cultural mosaic of the Philippines.

The National Museum of Natural History in Manila welcomes visitors to immerse themselves in the wonders of the natural world. This extraordinary museum offers a unique and captivating experience that combines visual arts with scientific exhibits. Through its diverse displays, the National Museum of Natural History showcases the rich and varied flora and fauna of the Philippines, while highlighting the importance of conservation and environmental awareness.

At the National Museum of Natural History, visitors can explore the beauty and complexity of nature through innovative exhibitions and interactive installations. The museum aims to inspire a deep appreciation for the natural world among its guests, fostering a sense of wonder and curiosity about the ecosystems that surround us. From the lush rainforests to the vibrant coral reefs, every aspect of the Philippines’ diverse natural heritage is celebrated and protected.

One of the highlights of the National Museum of Natural History is its stunning “Tree of Life” centerpiece, a massive three-story biomorphic structure that serves as a symbol of the interconnectedness of all living organisms. This captivating masterpiece is not only a work of art but also represents the museum’s commitment to scientific research and environmental education.

Among the museum’s various exhibits, visitors can find a wide range of artifacts, specimens, and multimedia presentations that offer a comprehensive understanding of the natural world. From the intricacies of insect life to the grandeur of whales, the National Museum of Natural History presents a fascinating exploration of our planet’s biodiversity.

Through its engaging exhibits and educational programs, the National Museum of Natural History serves as a platform for fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of the natural world. It encourages visitors to become stewards of the environment and advocates for the preservation of the Philippines’ natural resources for future generations.

In the realm of visual arts, the Philippines is home to a remarkable collection of magnificent paintings crafted by Filipino artists, which have gained recognition as national treasures. These famous Filipino masterpieces not only showcase the immense talent of their creators but also encapsulate the rich history, vibrant culture, and profound emotions of the Filipino people.

One such masterpiece that demands attention is Juan Luna’s iconic painting, “Spoliarium.” This grand oil-on-canvas work is a profound representation of the struggle and resilience of the Filipino spirit. It depicts a haunting scene in the Roman gladiatorial arena, highlighting the dark realities of colonization and oppression.

Another must-see painting is Fernando Amorsolo’s “Planting Rice,” a masterpiece that beautifully captures the essence of rural Filipino life. Amorsolo, considered the “Grand Old Man of Philippine Art,” skillfully immortalized the hard work and simplicity of Filipino farmers, celebrating their contribution to the nation’s sustenance and heritage.

These Filipino masterpieces are testaments to the immense talent and creativity of Filipino artists. They not only hold great aesthetic value but also serve as cultural artifacts that tell compelling stories and evoke deep emotions. Exploring these famous Filipino paintings provides a unique opportunity to delve into the depth and beauty of Filipino visual arts.

These masterpieces, created by visionary Filipino artists, offer a profound insight into the history, culture, and identity of the Philippines. Through extraordinary brushstrokes and meticulous attention to detail, these paintings have become windows into the soul of a nation, preserving its stories and aspirations for future generations to come.

“Filipino masterpieces capture the essence of our collective experience—our struggles, triumphs, dreams, and aspirations. They are visual narratives that transcend time, taking us on a journey through the heart and soul of the Filipino people.”

By immersing ourselves in these masterpieces, we can gain a deeper appreciation for Filipino visual arts and the profound impact they have in representing the Filipino identity. These artworks serve as a testament to the rich artistic heritage of the Philippines and its contribution to the global art scene.

These masterpieces are just a glimpse into the vast collection of Filipino art that awaits exploration. Each stroke of the brush and every color on the canvas tells a unique story, inviting us to celebrate the rich cultural tapestry that makes the Philippines truly extraordinary.

Are you ready to embark on a visual journey through the rich landscape of Filipino masterpieces? Join us as we uncover more renowned paintings by Filipino artists in our upcoming sections, delving deeper into the captivating world of Filipino visual arts.

The visual arts in the Philippines offer a vibrant tapestry of traditional and contemporary artistic expressions. From museums showcasing Filipino masterpieces to organizations supporting local artists, the country’s art scene continues to thrive. The developments in contemporary art have brought about exciting new forms of artistic expression and pushed boundaries in the art world. The traditional art forms, on the other hand, play a vital role in preserving the country’s rich cultural heritage.

Visual arts exhibitions in the Philippines provide platforms for both established and emerging Filipino artists to present their works to a wider audience. These exhibitions celebrate the diversity and creativity of Philippine art and culture, showcasing different art forms and styles. Various organizations in the country are dedicated to supporting and promoting visual arts, providing resources, training programs, and networking opportunities for Filipino artists.

Exploring the national museums, such as the National Museum of Fine Arts, offers a glimpse into the rich artistic heritage of the Philippines. The works of renowned Filipino artists like Juan Luna and Fernando Amorsolo are exhibited, showcasing the evolution of Filipino visual arts throughout history. Museums like the BenCab Museum, Pinto Art Museum, and Yuchengco Museum provide unique experiences, highlighting the contributions of influential Filipino artists and celebrating the diversity of contemporary Filipino art.

Whether appreciating traditional art forms or embracing the ever-evolving contemporary art scene, the visual arts of the Philippines offer a captivating journey of creativity and cultural expression. With its wealth of talent and artistic endeavors, the Philippines is truly a gem in the world of visual arts.

• https://www.tumblr.com/heartsoundsinternational/162485578356/mining-for-local-art-gems-in-the-philippines
• https://us.trip.com/moments/detail/manila-367-119786070/
• https://sugbo.ph/2022/most-notable-paintings-philippines/