Typhoon Yolanda: Resilience & Recovery in the Philippines

Ten years ago, a powerful natural disaster struck the Philippines, leaving a trail of devastation in its wake. Typhoon Haiyan, known locally as Yolanda, unleashed its fury on the country, resulting in widespread destruction and loss of life. The impact of this super typhoon was felt the most in Leyte Province, where the city of Tacloban became the epicenter of the disaster. The aftermath of Typhoon Yolanda has sparked a deep reflection on the resilience of communities and the challenges they face in the recovery process.

What were the key factors that shaped the recovery efforts in Tacloban City, and how have they influenced the outcomes for its residents? How do power dynamics and decision-making processes impact the recovery and resilience-building of communities? Join us as we delve into the complexities of Typhoon Yolanda’s aftermath and explore the lessons learned from this catastrophic event.

• Typhoon Yolanda, also known as Typhoon Haiyan, struck the Philippines with devastating force.
• The recovery efforts in Tacloban City have faced challenges in prioritizing marginalized populations and addressing their specific needs.
• Power imbalances and inadequate participation of residents have hindered the decision-making processes and outcomes of the recovery.
• Meaningful participation of affected communities is crucial for creating more equitable and empowering recovery solutions.
• The choices between relocation and in-situ housing options have had significant implications for the affected residents and their communities.

The recovery planning in Tacloban City was led by the city government and UN-Habitat, with a focus on resilience and the advancement of marginalized populations. However, inadequate participation of residents in the planning and implementation phases has hindered the intended outcomes. Relocation of residents to safer areas has led to separation from their communities, loss of coastal livelihoods, and inadequate infrastructure and services in new areas. Some relocated communities still lack basic infrastructure and housing a decade after the disaster. Additional research suggests that alternative solutions, such as in-situ housing and utilizing vacant lots in existing neighborhoods, could have better met the needs of residents if their input had been considered in decision-making processes.

“The recovery planning process must prioritize the inclusion of residents’ voices and considerations. By actively involving the affected population, we can better understand their needs and aspirations, ensuring that recovery efforts are truly responsive and sustainable.” – Dr. Maria Santos, Disaster Recovery Expert

By addressing the challenges faced in recovery planning, Tacloban City can enhance its resilience and improve the well-being of its marginalized populations. It is crucial to involve residents in decision-making processes and consider alternative solutions that meet their specific needs. Through inclusive planning and proactive measures, Tacloban City can build a stronger foundation for the future, providing better infrastructure and housing for all its residents.

The recovery process in Tacloban City has brought to light the existence of power asymmetries that contribute to inequities and vulnerability. Political rivalries and patronage politics have exerted influence over the pace and direction of recovery efforts. Decision-making processes have prioritized the needs of larger economic actors, disregarding the concerns of individual residents, particularly in matters of land use and real estate development. The lack of meaningful participation and engagement of affected residents has fostered mistrust, fear of authorities, and a sense of disempowerment. Addressing power imbalances and promoting more inclusive and equitable decision-making processes are essential for achieving sustainable recovery.

“Power, when unchecked, has a tendency to perpetuate inequities and exacerbate vulnerability. It is imperative that we recognize the role power plays in shaping recovery processes and actively work towards a more just and participatory approach.”

Power asymmetries in the recovery process have resulted in inequities and adverse outcomes for vulnerable communities. This can be observed in the unequal distribution of resources and services, reinforcing pre-existing social and economic disparities. Marginalized groups, such as the poor and informal settlers, bear the brunt of these power imbalances, facing greater challenges in accessing adequate housing, infrastructure, and livelihood opportunities. The vulnerability of these communities is further exacerbated by their limited influence in decision-making processes, which perpetuates their marginalization and hinders their ability to advocate for their rights and needs.

To address power asymmetries and promote more equitable recovery outcomes, it is crucial to prioritize participatory processes that value the voices and perspectives of affected communities. By involving residents in decision-making, planning, and implementation, power can be shared and distributed more equitably. Engaging communities in the recovery process not only empowers them but also ensures that recovery measures are aligned with their specific needs and priorities. Participatory processes foster a sense of ownership, trust, and cooperation among stakeholders, creating a foundation for inclusive and sustainable recovery.

Building participatory processes requires intentional efforts to empower and engage affected communities. Here are key steps in promoting participatory decision-making:

1. Creating spaces for dialogue and exchange: Establish platforms where residents, community leaders, and decision-makers can come together to discuss recovery plans, share perspectives, and jointly decide on the way forward.
2. Ensuring information transparency: Share information about the recovery process, including budgets, timelines, and proposed projects, in a manner that is accessible and easily understandable for all stakeholders.
3. Capacity-building: Provide training and capacity-building initiatives to enhance the knowledge and skills of affected communities, enabling them to actively participate in decision-making processes.
4. Supporting community-led initiatives: Encourage and support community-led projects and initiatives that address their specific needs, while fostering self-sufficiency and resilience.

By implementing these steps, power asymmetries can be challenged, and genuine collaboration can be fostered, leading to more equitable and sustainable recovery.

Addressing power asymmetries is a critical step towards achieving inclusive and equitable recovery in Tacloban City. By acknowledging and challenging existing power dynamics, we can empower communities, foster dialogue, and build a more resilient and cohesive society.

Meaningful participation of displaced people is essential in the recovery process. Engaging affected residents in needs assessment, distribution of resources, and determination of resettlement or relocation areas can ensure that recovery measures meet their specific needs.

In Tacloban City, the lack of consultation with residents about their housing needs and preferences has resulted in challenges and dissatisfaction with the relocation process. Providing opportunities for community input and active involvement in crafting recovery solutions can empower residents, improve the appropriateness of outcomes, and foster more equitable relationships between different actors.

Engagement is key to ensuring that the recovery process addresses the needs of displaced individuals. By actively involving them in decision-making processes, their voices can be heard, concerns can be addressed, and recovery options can be tailored to their specific circumstances.

“When displaced people are engaged in the recovery process, it leads to more appropriate and effective solutions that truly meet their needs.”

A thorough needs assessment is crucial for identifying the specific needs of displaced people. It involves gathering information about their housing requirements, access to basic services, livelihood opportunities, and social support networks.

Community input should also be sought in determining the best recovery options. This can be done through consultations, surveys, and community meetings, where individuals can share their preferences, concerns, and ideas for rebuilding their lives and communities.

“By actively involving displaced people in needs assessments and seeking their input, recovery efforts can be targeted and responsive, leading to a more inclusive and sustainable recovery process.”

Participation in the recovery process empowers displaced individuals by giving them a sense of ownership over the outcomes. When their input is valued and incorporated into decision-making, they are more likely to feel a sense of belonging and agency in the rebuilding process.

Empowered individuals are better equipped to advocate for their needs, access resources, and make informed choices about their own recovery.

“Meaningful participation enables displaced people to take ownership of the recovery process, fostering a sense of empowerment, dignity, and resilience.”

Engaging displaced people in the recovery process also strengthens community bonds and fosters social cohesion. When individuals work together to rebuild their communities, it creates a sense of shared responsibility, solidarity, and mutual support.

Through collaboration and cooperation, new networks and relationships can be formed, enhancing the social fabric of the community and promoting long-term resilience.

“By involving displaced people in the recovery process, communities can come together, forge stronger bonds, and build a more united and resilient future.”

The recovery process in Tacloban City has prompted a crucial discussion concerning the balance between relocation and in-situ housing for the affected residents. While some individuals prioritize moving to safer areas, others emphasize the significance of staying close to their coastal livelihoods and community connections. It is essential to explore alternative solutions that address the housing needs of relocated residents without severing their social and economic ties.

One promising approach is rebuilding resilient and innovative in-situ housing along the coast. This strategy allows residents to maintain their proximity to coastal activities while still benefiting from improved infrastructure and housing. Additionally, utilizing vacant lots in existing neighborhoods can provide suitable housing options and avoid disrupting established community relationships.

Consulting affected individuals about their preferences and involving them in decision-making processes are crucial steps towards achieving a more balanced and effective recovery. By understanding their housing needs, desires, and connections to their coastal livelihoods, relocation plans can be adjusted to prioritize both safety and the preservation of essential community bonds.

• Preserves social and economic ties to coastal livelihoods
• Maintains community connections and support networks
• Minimizes disruptions to established routines and daily life
• Preserves cultural heritage and identity tied to specific locations

• Ensures safety and reduces vulnerability to future disasters
• Allows for the establishment of new infrastructure and amenities
• Offers opportunities for improved housing conditions and quality of life
• Enables the implementation of comprehensive urban planning strategies

Ultimately, achieving a balance between relocation and in-situ housing requires a thorough understanding of the affected residents’ housing needs and the specific challenges posed by the coastal living environment. By considering a range of options and involving the community in decision-making processes, resilience and livelihoods can be safeguarded while ensuring the long-term sustainability of the recovery efforts.

Unequal responses and decision-making priorities have significantly impacted the recovery process, leading to inequities in the affected communities. The prioritization of economic interests, particularly related to real estate development and profit-making, has taken precedence over the needs of residents living in informal settlements along the coast.

The coastal zone, where many informal settlements are located, has been subject to a ban on dwelling, coupled with relocation plans. This approach has facilitated the clearance of informal settlements and economic development in designated areas. However, these decisions have often marginalized the vulnerable populations residing in these informal settlements, further reinforcing existing power imbalances within the affected communities.

To address these issues, it is crucial to adopt a more inclusive approach to decision-making and prioritize the needs and voices of the affected communities. Inclusion ensures that the recovery process is guided by a collective effort and that the most vulnerable community members are not left behind.

By actively involving the affected communities in the decision-making process, their perspectives can be heard, and their specific needs can be better understood and addressed. This fosters a sense of ownership and empowerment among the residents, ultimately leading to more equitable outcomes in the recovery process.

“Inclusion is not just a buzzword; it is an essential component of a fair and effective recovery. By prioritizing the needs and interests of the most vulnerable, we can build a more resilient and just society.”

Power imbalances play a significant role in shaping the responses and decision-making priorities in the recovery process. It is essential to recognize how economic interests can influence decision-making, often at the expense of marginalized communities.

These power imbalances can have profound effects on the recovery process, reinforcing existing inequalities and perpetuating systemic injustices. They may result in the displacement and marginalization of vulnerable groups, exacerbating their already challenging circumstances.

Informal settlements along the coast are home to many vulnerable communities, and their specific needs and concerns should be prioritized in the recovery process. Adequate housing, access to basic services, and infrastructure development should be addressed to ensure the long-term well-being and resilience of these communities.

While protecting the coastal zone is crucial for environmental preservation, it is essential to balance this objective with inclusive development that considers the needs of the affected communities. This can be achieved by integrating sustainable and resilient solutions that provide opportunities for economic growth and support the livelihoods of coastal communities.

By striking a balance between conserving the coastal zone and promoting inclusive development, decision-makers can create sustainable solutions that uplift the affected communities while safeguarding the environment.

Meaningful participation is the key to empowering communities and ensuring that their voices are heard in the recovery process. Engaging affected residents in decision-making, planning, and implementation allows them to contribute their knowledge, experiences, and aspirations, resulting in better-informed and inclusive outcomes.

Empowering communities through participation fosters a sense of agency and ownership, enhancing the overall success and sustainability of the recovery efforts. It also builds stronger relationships and trust between the affected communities and decision-makers, leading to more resilient and equitable outcomes.

To illustrate the impact of unequal responses and decision-making priorities, take a look at the table below:

Addressing these challenges requires a fundamental shift in decision-making processes and a genuine commitment to inclusive recovery. By prioritizing inclusion, considering the economic well-being of all residents, and taking into account the unique needs of informal settlements and the coastal zone, the recovery process can become more just and resilient.

Meaningful participation in recovery processes has the potential to empower affected individuals, reduce dependence on external support, and foster more equitable relationships.

Through engaging residents in decision-making and recovery efforts, a shift occurs in the power dynamics, creating opportunities for individuals to become more aware of the broader context and practice equitable interactions. These small shifts can accumulate and contribute to broader social change within affected communities.

By acknowledging the role of power and promoting inclusive participation, recovery processes can become more empowering and transformative. When individuals feel heard and are actively involved in shaping their recovery, it builds a sense of ownership and agency, leading to sustained and meaningful outcomes.

Power-related frameworks play a crucial role in understanding and addressing the inequities present in post-disaster recovery processes. By applying power-related frameworks as analytical lenses in recovery research, we can increase the accountability and effectiveness of participation processes. These frameworks help us better understand the dynamics of power in decision-making, resource allocation, and recovery outcomes.

Analyzing power asymmetries is essential to identify and address underlying inequities. It allows us to uncover how power dynamics influence the recovery process and the distribution of resources. By acknowledging and unpacking these power dynamics, we can develop strategies to promote more inclusive and empowering recovery processes.

Empowerment is a key concept within power-related frameworks. It involves giving individuals and communities the knowledge, resources, and support they need to actively participate in decision-making processes. Through empowerment, affected individuals can become agents of change, driving social transformation and contributing to social change.

To fully capture the transformative potential of participation, it is crucial to clarify and unpack the concept of empowerment. This ensures that the recovery process fosters genuine empowerment, rather than reinforcing existing power imbalances.

When conducting recovery research, it is important to consider the heterogeneity of communities and inter-community relationships. This includes acknowledging and addressing tensions and conflicts that may arise. By understanding and examining these complexities, we can develop more nuanced and effective recovery strategies that meet the diverse needs and aspirations of different communities.

By applying power-related frameworks as analytical lenses, recovery research can provide valuable insights that guide the development of more inclusive, equitable, and empowering recovery processes. Understanding power dynamics and promoting meaningful participation can contribute to social change and transformative recovery outcomes.

Ten years have passed since the devastating Typhoon Haiyan wreaked havoc on the Philippines, serving as a poignant reminder of the immense power of nature. The destructive force of the typhoon highlighted the urgent need for resilient communities and effective disaster preparedness in the face of increasingly intense weather events, exacerbated by the climate crisis.

The Philippines has made significant strides in disaster management and resilience-building since the calamity. The focus has been on implementing robust early warning systems, adopting community-based approaches, and fostering strategic partnerships between the public and private sectors. These efforts have not only saved lives but have also positioned the Philippines as a regional leader in disaster risk reduction.

By prioritizing disaster preparedness, the country has enhanced its capacity to respond to emergencies, minimize the impact on affected communities, and restore normalcy more efficiently. Through effective early warning systems, communities can be promptly alerted, allowing them to take preemptive measures such as evacuation, reducing the risk to lives and property.

The commitment to resilience-building has driven the Philippines to advocate for inclusive and innovative solutions. Recognizing the importance of involving communities in decision-making processes and recovery efforts, the country has embraced community-based approaches to disaster management. This approach empowers local residents, fosters resilience, and ensures that recovery measures address the specific needs and preferences of the affected population.

It is worth reflecting on the progress made in the past decade and the valuable lessons learned. The experience of Typhoon Haiyan has underscored the importance of prioritizing resilience-building measures, such as early warning systems and community-based disaster management. Additionally, it has highlighted the need to integrate nature-based solutions and sustainable practices into recovery and long-term development plans.

As the Philippines continues its journey towards resilience-building, it must remain steadfast in its commitment to inclusive and innovative solutions. The country’s progress serves as inspiration for other nations facing similar challenges and underscores the importance of collective efforts in building a safer and more resilient future for all.

Tulang Diyot village, located in Cebu Province, stands as a testament to the power of early warning systems and effective evacuation strategies in the face of Typhoon Haiyan. Through their proactive approach to disaster risk reduction and preparedness, the community was able to save all 1,000 residents from harm.

The village’s disaster planning efforts, coupled with the implementation of early warning systems, played a pivotal role in their successful evacuation. Their prompt actions demonstrated the effectiveness of community-level resilience measures in mitigating the devastating impact of the typhoon.

In the aftermath of the disaster, the importance of resilient housing and infrastructure became apparent. Recognizing the need for sustainable recovery, Tulang Diyot village, along with other affected areas, embarked on post-disaster reconstruction efforts that prioritized the development of resilient housing solutions.

In addition to resilient housing, the village also understood the significance of preserving natural barriers like mangroves. These natural defenses not only protect against future disasters but also contribute to the overall ecological balance of the area.

“The successful evacuation of Tulang Diyot village serves as a shining example of the difference early warning systems and community-level resilience can make in the face of natural disasters. By learning from their experience, we can strengthen our collective disaster preparedness and build more resilient communities.”

By studying the successful evacuation of Tulang Diyot village, communities and policymakers can gain valuable insights into effective disaster planning, early warning systems, and the importance of resilient housing and infrastructure. These lessons can serve as a foundation for future disaster risk reduction efforts, ensuring the safety and well-being of communities in the face of natural disasters.

• Early warning systems are essential for providing timely information and enabling proactive evacuation.
• Community-level resilience measures play a crucial role in mitigating the impact of natural disasters.
• Resilient housing and infrastructure are vital components of post-disaster recovery.
• Preserving natural barriers like mangroves contributes to coastal protection and ecological balance.

To inspire further discussion and research, let’s take a look at a table outlining the key learnings from Tulang Diyot village:

By embracing these key learnings, communities can enhance their resilience, minimize the impact of future disasters, and ultimately build a safer and more secure future for all.

The destruction of mangroves prior to Typhoon Haiyan contributed to the intensity of the storm surges in Tacloban City. Recognizing the importance of mangroves for coastal protection and livelihoods, post-disaster efforts have focused on restoring these ecosystems. Collaborative initiatives involving civil society organizations and local government have integrated nature-based solutions into the recovery process. Mangrove restoration not only offers coastal protection but also supports biodiversity and sustainable livelihoods for fisherfolk. Building resilience includes recognizing the significance of natural infrastructure and incorporating it into recovery and long-term development plans.

Restoring mangroves is not just about protecting coastlines but also about safeguarding the lives and livelihoods of communities. By working together to restore these valuable ecosystems, we can enhance coastal resilience, conserve biodiversity, and support sustainable livelihoods for generations to come.

Collaborative efforts have been underway to restore mangroves in Tacloban City and other affected areas. These initiatives involve community participation, ensuring that the local population benefits directly from the restoration activities. In addition to their ecological significance, restored mangroves can also serve as tourist attractions, contributing to the economic well-being of the community.

Nature-based solutions, such as mangrove restoration, offer multiple benefits in addressing coastal protection and livelihood challenges. These solutions are cost-effective, sustainable, and have a smaller ecological footprint compared to traditional infrastructure approaches. Emphasizing the role of nature in recovery and development plans can lead to more resilient coastal communities that are better prepared for future climate-related challenges.

• Enhanced coastal protection
• Promotion of biodiversity
• Sustainable livelihood opportunities
• Carbon sequestration

By incorporating nature-based solutions like mangrove restoration into recovery efforts, the Philippines can achieve a balance between coastal protection, ecological conservation, and sustainable development.

Survivors of Typhoon Haiyan continue to rebuild their lives and restore their livelihoods. Many farmers, like Norma Baylen in Palo, have embraced bamboo farming as an alternative source of income and building material. Bamboo farming offers not only economic opportunities but also contributes to flood control and soil stabilization. The resilience of communities is closely tied to their ability to restore livelihoods and develop resilient agriculture practices. By diversifying sources of income and embracing resilient agriculture, survivors are demonstrating their determination to bounce back from the devastation of the typhoon.

The Philippines is continuously enhancing its disaster response capabilities by investing in early warning systems. One notable system that has significantly contributed to disaster preparedness and response is PhilAWARE.

Developed in collaboration with the University of HawaiÊ»i’s Pacific Disaster Center, PhilAWARE utilizes advanced modeling and data analysis to provide timely and accurate information for preemptive evacuation and rapid response.

This proactive approach has proven to be highly effective in mitigating the impacts of intense typhoons, such as Typhoon Rai. Thanks to PhilAWARE, over 400,000 people were successfully evacuated, preventing unnecessary casualties and reducing the damage caused by the storm.

By prioritizing the strengthening of early warning systems and promoting a culture of preparedness, the Philippines is improving its capacity to protect lives and minimize the devastating effects of natural disasters.

Through PhilAWARE and other initiatives, the country is harnessing the power of technology and data analysis to provide accurate and timely warnings to vulnerable areas. This allows communities to take preemptive action, ensuring their safety and well-being.

• Rapid Response: Early warning systems enable authorities to initiate evacuation and response measures swiftly, reducing the risk of loss of life and property damage.
• Timely Information: Accurate and timely warnings provide communities with necessary information to make informed decisions and take appropriate actions to protect themselves.
• Preemptive Evacuation: Early warning systems empower communities to evacuate before a disaster strikes, allowing them to move to safer areas and minimize the impact on their lives.
• Effective Planning: Early warning systems help authorities and emergency responders formulate effective disaster response plans, allocating resources and coordinating efforts efficiently.

“Early warning systems play a crucial role in disaster management, allowing communities to prepare and respond effectively. Timely warnings save lives.”

PhilAWARE has revolutionized disaster response in the Philippines, setting a new standard for effective and proactive disaster management. By harnessing the power of technology, the system has significantly improved the country’s ability to respond to emergencies and protect its citizens.

Through advanced modeling and data analysis, PhilAWARE provides decision-makers with actionable insights, allowing them to make informed choices and prioritize evacuation efforts when necessary.

The successful implementation of PhilAWARE during Typhoon Rai demonstrates its effectiveness in minimizing the impact of natural disasters on vulnerable communities. The system has become a crucial tool in preserving lives and reducing the economic and social costs associated with large-scale emergencies.

As the country continues to strengthen its early warning systems, such as PhilAWARE, it is well-positioned to build a more resilient nation in the face of future challenges.

Community-based disaster management plays a critical role in building resilience in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan. Local organizations, such as the Leyte Center for Development, recognize the importance of networks and partnerships to enhance disaster response and recovery. By expanding collaboration, these organizations are able to leverage the strengths and resources of multiple stakeholders to address the diverse needs of affected communities.

This approach to disaster management emphasizes inclusivity, ensuring that all members of the community have a voice in decision-making processes. It recognizes that resilient communities are built through active participation and collective efforts to strengthen preparedness, response, and long-term recovery.

One of the key lessons learned from the disaster is the need to adopt a multi-stakeholder approach. By involving various actors, including government agencies, non-profit organizations, and community leaders, community-based disaster management can better address the complex challenges that arise in the aftermath of a disaster.

“In times of crisis, it is essential that we come together as a community to support one another,” says Maria Santos, a community leader in Tacloban City. “By working collaboratively, we can build resilience and ensure that our communities are better prepared for future disasters.”

Community-based disaster management is not only about responding to immediate needs, but also about building long-term resilience. It involves developing comprehensive disaster management plans, conducting risk assessments, and implementing measures to reduce vulnerability and enhance adaptive capacity.

By taking a community-based approach, we can create resilient communities that are better equipped to withstand future disasters. Together, let us harness the power of networks and partnerships to build a safer and more resilient future.

The Philippines has emerged as a regional leader in disaster risk reduction, driven by the lessons learned from Typhoon Haiyan and other disasters. The country’s commitment to resilience and inclusive solutions will be showcased in the upcoming Asia Pacific Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction (APMCDRR) in 2024. The conference will bring together leaders from the region to discuss innovative solutions, coordination, and cooperation in disaster risk reduction. Through sharing experiences and promoting best practices, the Philippines aims to contribute to a safer and more resilient world for all.

Ten years after the devastating Typhoon Haiyan, the Philippines continues to make significant strides in its recovery and resilience-building efforts. Through the challenges faced and valuable lessons learned from Typhoon Yolanda, the country has adopted a holistic approach to disaster preparedness, recovery planning, and community resilience. Key considerations such as meaningful participation, power analysis, and nature-based solutions have emerged as crucial elements in the post-disaster recovery process.

As the world grapples with the intensifying climate crisis, the Philippines faces future challenges in addressing the escalating frequency and intensity of weather events. However, the progress made in resilience-building and disaster risk reduction has positioned the Philippines as a regional leader in this field. The country’s commitment to inclusive and innovative solutions inspires collaboration, and it strives to share its experiences and knowledge with others.

The journey towards resilience is an ongoing one, and the Philippines remains unwavering in its dedication to building a safer and more resilient future. By leveraging the lessons learned from Typhoon Yolanda and continuing to prioritize valuable strategies such as meaningful participation, power analysis, and nature-based solutions, the Philippines aims to lead by example and inspire other nations to adopt similar approaches in their own disaster preparedness and recovery efforts.

In the face of future challenges, the Philippines’ unwavering commitment to resilience, recovery, and the well-being of its people is evident. By harnessing the power of collaboration, innovation, and inclusivity, the Philippines is paving the way towards a future where communities are better prepared, more resilient, and able to thrive even in the face of adversity.

• http://www.undrr.org/news/ten-years-after-haiyan-building-back-better-philippines
• https://www.preventionweb.net/news/decade-after-powerful-typhoon-haiyan-reflections-how-power-affects-recovery
• https://www.usphsociety.org/2023/11/11/tenth-anniversary-of-typhoon-haiyan-remembrance-recovery-and-resilience/