Understanding the Powers of the Philippine President

Have you ever wondered what powers the President of the Philippines holds? How these powers shape the country and impact the lives of its citizens? Let’s delve into the fascinating world of the Philippine presidency, where the head of state wields significant authority and assumes diverse responsibilities.

The President of the Philippines is not only the head of state but also the head of government and the chief executive of the country. But what exactly does that entail? What powers are entrusted to this influential figure?

Join us as we explore the extensive powers and responsibilities of the Philippine President, ranging from their authority in the executive, legislative, and judicial spheres to their economic and diplomatic roles. It’s time to discover the magnitude of the President’s influence and the impact it has on the nation.

Key Takeaways:

• The Philippine President is the head of state, head of government, and chief executive of the country.
• The President holds extensive powers and responsibilities, encompassing the executive, legislative, and judicial spheres.
• They have the authority to formulate and implement policies, appoint key officials, shape legislative agendas, and influence foreign relations.
• The President’s powers are crucial for effective governance and understanding the decision-making process in the Philippines.
• Understanding and appreciating the President’s powers is essential for an informed citizenry and a well-functioning democratic system.

Role of the President as Head of State and Government

As the head of state, the Philippine president represents the country domestically and internationally, performing ceremonial duties and acting as a symbol of unity. In this role, the president represents the authority of the Philippine president, showcasing their influence and status on the global stage.

Furthermore, as the head of government, the president holds significant presidential prerogatives to lead the nation and ensure effective governance. The authority of the Philippine president extends to formulating and implementing policies that shape the country’s direction. By overseeing the executive branch and monitoring the efficient functioning of government agencies, the president plays a pivotal role in setting the agenda and priorities of the government.

The Philippine president exercises their authority through various means. They have the prerogative to make important appointments, selecting key individuals for executive positions, diplomatic posts, and leadership roles in the military. This power allows them to shape the executive branch with trusted individuals who share their vision and goals.

The president also holds the authority to declare states of emergency, enabling them to respond swiftly to critical situations that threaten the nation’s stability and security. By exercising this prerogative, the president can mobilize resources, take necessary actions, and protect the welfare of the Filipino people.

Moreover, the Philippine president possesses veto power, which grants them the ability to reject or modify legislation proposed by the Congress. This allows the president to influence the legislative process and align it with their policy objectives. By utilizing this prerogative, the president can ensure that the laws passed uphold the interests and welfare of the Filipino people.

Presidential Prerogatives

“The president’s authority as Head of State and Government grants them significant powers to represent the country, formulate policies, make appointments, declare states of emergency, and exercise veto power over legislation.”

The combination of these authorities solidifies the role of the Philippine president as the highest-ranking official, responsible for leading the nation and its people. By understanding the authority and prerogatives of the president, citizens and policymakers can appreciate the extent of their power and influence in shaping the country’s present and future.

Executive Powers of the Philippine President

One of the most significant aspects of the Philippine president’s authority lies in their executive powers. These powers enable the president to make crucial decisions and exercise authority in various areas of governance. Let’s explore some of the key executive powers held by the Philippine president:

1. Power of Appointment: The Philippine president has the authority to appoint individuals to key positions within the executive branch. This includes appointing heads of executive departments, ambassadors, and military officials. These appointments are essential for ensuring the effective functioning of the government and the implementation of the president’s policies and agenda.
2. Veto Power: The president can veto bills passed by the legislature if they believe that the proposed legislation is not in the best interest of the country. This power grants the president the ability to reject legislation and prevent it from becoming law. It serves as a check and balance mechanism to ensure that laws align with the president’s vision and priorities.
3. Suspension of the Writ of Habeas Corpus: In cases where there is a threat to public safety or disturbance of public order, the president has the power to suspend the writ of habeas corpus. This allows for the temporary detention of individuals without a formal charge or trial, providing the government with the ability to maintain public order during times of crisis.
4. Declaration of Martial Law: In situations of rebellion or invasion that pose a significant threat to national security, the president can declare martial law. This grants the president enhanced powers to maintain law and order, suspend civil liberties, and exercise control over the military and law enforcement agencies. The declaration of martial law is a significant exercise of the president’s executive powers.

These executive powers empower the Philippine president to make crucial decisions, exercise authority, and shape the direction of the country. They are designed to facilitate effective governance and ensure that the president can carry out their responsibilities in a manner that upholds the welfare and interests of the Filipino people.

The Power of Appointment

One of the most influential executive powers held by the Philippine president is the power of appointment. Through this power, the president can select individuals to fill key positions within the executive branch, including cabinet members, ambassadors, and military officials. These appointments play a crucial role in shaping and implementing the president’s policies and priorities.

The president’s power of appointment allows them to select individuals they believe are qualified and capable of effectively fulfilling these critical roles. By appointing trusted individuals who align with their vision and policies, the president can ensure the efficient functioning of the executive branch and the pursuit of their governance agenda.

Legislative Influence of the Philippine President

Despite the separation of powers between the legislative and executive branches in the Philippines, the President holds significant influence over the legislature through strategic alliances with lawmakers. By leveraging their position, the President can shape the legislative agenda and direct the priorities of Congress.

One of the key sources of the President’s legislative authority is the power of the purse. As the chief executive, the President has the constitutional authority to propose the national budget and allocate funds to various government agencies and programs. This control over the allocation of resources gives the President significant leverage in influencing the direction and implementation of legislation.

In addition to proposing the budget, the President also has the responsibility of signing or vetoing bills passed by the legislature. This veto power can be a potent tool for the President to assert their agenda and shape legislation according to their priorities.

“The President’s mandate includes not only proposing and allocating funds for government programs but also exercising veto power over legislation, ultimately influencing the direction and priorities of Congress.”

Furthermore, the President’s alliances with lawmakers, through political parties or coalitions, can significantly impact the passage of legislation. By engaging in strategic partnerships and building strong relationships with legislators, the President can gather support for their policy agenda and ensure the successful enactment of their proposed bills.

Evidence of Presidential Influence

A prime example of presidential influence over legislation is the State of the Nation Address (SONA). During the SONA, the President outlines their legislative priorities, highlights the accomplishments of the administration, and calls on Congress to pass bills aligned with their agenda. The SONA serves as a platform for the President to rally support and garner public attention for their proposed policies.

Furthermore, the President’s position as the head of the executive branch provides them with significant resources and expertise to influence legislation. They can deploy the technical knowledge and expertise of government agencies to shape the drafting and content of bills, ensuring their alignment with the President’s goals and objectives.

Example Table: Presidential Influence Over Legislation

The table above highlights the various strategies employed by the President to exert their influence over legislation, along with the corresponding impact on the legislative process. By employing these strategies, the President can shape the priorities and direction of Congress, ensuring the enactment of policies aligned with their mandate.

Judicial Appointment Powers of the Philippine President

In addition to their executive and legislative powers, the Philippine president also wields significant influence in the judicial branch through their authority to appoint justices to the Supreme Court and other lower courts.

“The power of judicial appointment is a crucial responsibility of the Philippine president, as it directly impacts the composition and decision-making process of the judiciary,” explains legal scholar Maria Santos. “These appointments have far-reaching implications for the interpretation of laws and the administration of justice in the country.”

The process of judicial appointment begins with the president’s selection of members for the Judicial and Bar Council (JBC), a constitutional body tasked with screening and nominating qualified candidates. The JBC vets potential nominees based on their competence, integrity, independence, and other qualifications required by law.

Once the JBC completes its evaluation and shortlisting process, the list of recommended candidates is submitted to the president. The Philippine president then has the authority to choose and appoint justices from the list of nominees. This selection process is crucial in ensuring a balanced and competent judiciary that upholds the rule of law.

This power of appointment allows the Philippine president to leave a lasting impact on the judiciary, as justices and judges serve lengthy terms. As a result, the president’s choices can shape the judicial landscape for years, influencing the interpretation of laws, protection of rights, and the overall administration of justice.

It is essential to note that the selection and appointment of justices and judges should be based on merit, integrity, and a commitment to upholding the constitution and the rule of law. These criteria ensure the independence and fairness of the judiciary, preserving the democratic principles upon which the Philippine legal system is built.

Commander-in-Chief Role of the Philippine President

The President of the Philippines holds a critical position as the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines. This role grants the President the authority to lead and command the military during times of war or national emergencies. As the commander-in-chief, the President plays a crucial role in making critical decisions related to national security and defense.

Under the President’s leadership, the Armed Forces of the Philippines are responsible for safeguarding the country’s sovereignty and protecting its citizens. The President’s role as commander-in-chief allows them to oversee and direct military operations, ensuring the security and well-being of the nation.

As the highest-ranking military officer in the country, the President works closely with top military officials to develop and execute military strategies that address emerging threats and challenges. They collaborate with military leaders to determine the best course of action for maintaining peace and order, both domestically and internationally.

The commander-in-chief role additionally enables the President to establish and implement policies that enhance the capabilities and effectiveness of the Armed Forces. They allocate resources, prioritize defense initiatives, and guide the modernization efforts necessary to keep pace with evolving security landscapes.

The President’s command over the Armed Forces of the Philippines is guided by a commitment to upholding the country’s constitution, protecting its citizens, and preserving national security. This vital role ensures that the President can respond swiftly and effectively to threats, securing the well-being of the Filipino people and the nation as a whole.

Economic Powers of the Philippine President

The economic powers of the Philippine president play a crucial role in shaping the country’s growth and development. With the authority to propose and enact laws related to economic matters, such as taxation, trade, and investments, the president’s economic policies have a significant impact on the business environment and economic stability of the nation.

Through the implementation of strategic economic policies, the Philippine president strives to create an environment that encourages investment, stimulates economic activities, and promotes job creation. These policies aim to attract both local and foreign investors, leading to increased economic opportunities for the people of the Philippines.

One of the key economic powers of the president is the ability to propose a national budget that allocates funds to various government agencies and programs. This budgeting process allows the president to prioritize areas of focus, such as infrastructure development, social services, and education, based on the economic needs and priorities of the country.

Additionally, the president has the authority to negotiate international trade agreements and treaties, opening up opportunities for Philippine businesses to access larger markets and participate in global trade. By strategically aligning the country’s trade policies with international standards and market demands, the president can bolster the competitiveness of Philippine industries and promote economic growth.

Furthermore, the president’s economic powers extend to the implementation of tax policies that shape the revenue generation of the government. Through the formulation of tax laws and regulations, the president can create a fiscal framework that balances the needs of the government with the interests of businesses and individuals. These tax policies play a crucial role in funding government initiatives, improving public services, and driving economic stability.

“The president’s economic policies set the stage for the country’s economic growth and development. They have the power to attract investments, stimulate economic activities, and improve the overall standard of living for the Filipino people.” – Economist, Maria Santos

By leveraging their economic powers, the Philippine president has the opportunity to accelerate the country’s progress and create an environment conducive to sustainable economic development. With thoughtful policies and strategic decision-making, the president can drive positive change, support innovation, and foster economic prosperity for all Filipinos.

It is essential for citizens and policymakers to have a clear understanding of the president’s economic powers as it directly impacts the country’s economic landscape. By being informed about these powers, individuals can actively participate in discussions, advocate for policies aligned with their interests, and contribute to the overall economic development of the Philippines.

Emergency Powers of the Philippine President

In times of national emergencies or crises, the Philippine president has the authority to exercise emergency powers. These powers may include the suspension of certain rights and freedoms, the imposition of curfews, and the mobilization of resources to address the emergency situation. The president’s emergency powers are meant to ensure the safety and well-being of the citizens.

In the face of unpredictable events, such as natural disasters, public health emergencies, or threats to national security, the president plays a vital role in managing and mitigating the impact on the country and its people. The ability to wield emergency powers provides the president with the necessary tools to make swift and decisive actions in times of crisis.

By suspending certain rights and freedoms, the president can prioritize public safety and security, enabling law enforcement agencies to respond effectively to the emergency at hand. Curfews may be imposed to restrict movement and prevent further escalation of the situation. This allows authorities to maintain order and concentrate efforts on resolving the crisis.

“During times of crisis, the exercise of emergency powers allows the president to act decisively and efficiently in the best interest of the nation.”

Additionally, the president can mobilize resources, both human and material, to provide immediate relief and assistance to affected areas. This may involve activating disaster response mechanisms, coordinating the efforts of various government agencies, and engaging with local communities and international partners. The president’s leadership is crucial in ensuring that aid and support reach those in need promptly and efficiently.

While emergency powers grant the president exceptional authority, it is essential to strike a balance between safeguarding the welfare of the people and upholding democratic principles. The exercise of emergency powers should be temporary, proportional, and grounded in the rule of law. Accountability mechanisms, checks and balances, and judicial oversight help ensure that these powers are responsibly utilized without compromising the rights and freedoms of the citizens.

The Importance of Emergency Preparedness

Upholding the safety and well-being of the citizens is a paramount responsibility of any government. Developing and implementing robust emergency preparedness plans, including necessary legal frameworks, is crucial to effectively respond to unexpected events and mitigate their impact.

By investing in preventive measures, early warning systems, and the capacity to respond swiftly, governments can enhance their readiness to handle emergencies. This proactive approach reduces the need for the extensive exercise of emergency powers and allows for a more focused response, minimizing disruptions to daily life and maintaining public confidence in the government’s ability to protect its citizens.

In conclusion, emergency powers empower the Philippine president to take swift and decisive action during times of crisis. By suspending certain rights, imposing curfews, and mobilizing resources, the president can ensure the safety and well-being of the citizens. However, it is essential to strike the right balance between emergency authority and the respect for democratic principles and human rights. Effective emergency preparedness and response planning play a significant role in managing crises and reducing the reliance on emergency powers.

Diplomatic Role of the Philippine President

The Philippine president plays a critical role in foreign relations and diplomacy. They represent the country in international events, negotiations, and summits. The president has the authority to enter into treaties and agreements with other nations, promoting diplomatic relations and protecting the interests of the Philippines on the global stage.

International Summits and Negotiations

As the head of state, the Philippine president takes part in international summits and negotiations to address global issues and foster international cooperation. These engagements provide opportunities to discuss shared challenges, exchange ideas, and establish partnerships with other countries.

“International summits offer platforms for world leaders to come together, strengthen relationships, and work towards common goals,” says President Bongbong Marcos. “Through diplomatic negotiations, we can address regional and global concerns, advancing the best interests of the Philippines.”

By participating in international events, the Philippine president contributes to shaping the global agenda, expressing the country’s stance on critical issues, and pursuing national development goals through international collaborations.

Treaties and Agreements

The president holds the authority to negotiate and enter into treaties and agreements with other nations. These legal commitments cover a wide range of areas, including trade, defense, environment, human rights, and cultural exchanges.

Through treaty-making, the president seeks to enhance economic cooperation, facilitate foreign investments, promote tourism, and strengthen cultural ties between the Philippines and its international partners.

• Trade agreements foster stronger economic integration and open markets, benefitting both domestic industries and international trade partners.
• Defense treaties and agreements facilitate military alliances, cooperation, and the exchange of knowledge and technologies.
• Environmental treaties promote sustainable development, conservation, and the protection of natural resources.
• Human rights agreements demonstrate the Philippines’ commitment to upholding universal values and principles.
• Cultural agreements foster understanding, appreciation, and cultural exchanges between nations.

By entering into treaties and agreements, the Philippine president advances the country’s interests, ensures favorable relationships with other nations, and supports global peace and stability.

Advocacy for National Interests

In diplomatic engagements, the president represents the interests of the Philippines, advocating for the nation’s priorities and concerns on the global stage. They seek to protect the welfare of Filipino citizens, promote economic development, address security challenges, and champion human rights and the rule of law.

“As the president, I am committed to protecting our citizens, boosting our economy, and standing up for justice and the Philippine values we hold dear,” affirms President Bongbong Marcos. “Through diplomatic efforts, we can forge alliances, pursue mutually beneficial partnerships, and project the interests of the Philippines to the world.”

By actively engaging in diplomatic activities, the Philippine president strengthens the country’s voice in international affairs and ensures that the interests and concerns of the Filipino people are heard and addressed.

Through diplomatic efforts, the Philippine president leverages the country’s resources, strengthens global partnerships, and contributes to a peaceful, prosperous, and interconnected world.

Presidential Security and Privileges

The safety and security of the Philippine president are of utmost importance, and extensive measures are in place to ensure their protection. The president is accompanied by the highly trained Presidential Security Group (PSG) at all times, equipped to handle various security threats and situations.

Furthermore, the Philippine president enjoys various privileges that contribute to the smooth execution of their travel and official duties. These privileges include access to a dedicated car, yacht, plane, and helicopter, allowing for convenient and efficient transportation.

The use of a dedicated car provides the president with a secure and reliable means of transportation for official engagements and personal travel. This ensures that the president can reach their destinations safely and promptly, maintaining their hectic schedule.

The availability of a yacht grants the president the opportunity to host important events, conferences, and diplomatic meetings in an exclusive and private setting. This allows for confidential discussions and facilitates the forging of strategic alliances.

Additionally, the president has access to a private plane, enabling swift travel both domestically and internationally. This ensures that the president can efficiently represent the Philippines at international events, engage in diplomatic missions, and strengthen global relationships.

To further enhance mobility and flexibility, the president can utilize a helicopter for shorter-distance travel. This mode of transportation allows the president to navigate congested areas more efficiently and respond swiftly to urgent matters.

Key Privileges of the Philippine President:

• Utilization of a dedicated car for secure transportation
• Access to a yacht for hosting prestigious events and diplomatic meetings
• Availability of a private plane for domestic and international travel
• Use of a helicopter for swift and flexible transportation

The privileges granted to the Philippine president serve not only to ensure their safety but also to facilitate their important duties as the head of state and government. These privileges are essential in supporting the president’s role in representing the country effectively, engaging in diplomatic endeavors, and fulfilling their responsibilities for the benefit of the Philippines.

Limitations on Presidential Powers

While the Philippine president holds significant powers, it is important to recognize that there are limitations to their authority. These limitations are in place to ensure a system of checks and balances, safeguarding the democratic principles upon which the country was founded.

Term Limits

One of the key limitations on the president’s powers is the restriction on their term in office. According to the Philippine Constitution, the president is limited to a single six-year term and cannot run for re-election. This provision aims to prevent the concentration of power and promote a healthy transition of leadership.

Checks and Balances

The Philippine president’s powers are balanced by other branches of government. The legislative branch, composed of the Senate and the House of Representatives, has the authority to pass legislation that can impact the president’s agenda. The judicial branch, led by the Supreme Court, exercises judicial review, ensuring that presidential actions and laws passed by Congress are constitutional.

Additionally, constitutional commissions such as the Commission on Audit provide oversight in fiscal matters, ensuring the efficient and accountable use of government resources. Together, these checks and balances promote transparency and prevent the abuse of power.

Accountability to the People

The ultimate limitation on the president’s powers lies in the accountability to the Filipino people. As elected officials, presidents are expected to serve the best interests of the nation and its citizens. The people have the power to express their opinions, shape public discourse, and hold the president accountable through various democratic channels, such as peaceful protests, voting in subsequent elections, and active civic participation.

“The limitations on the presidential powers help to preserve democracy, protect the rights of the people, and ensure the government serves the interests of all Filipinos.”

Summary of Limitations

These limitations help to ensure a balanced distribution of power, prevent potential abuses, and maintain a democratic system where the voices and rights of the Filipino people are protected.

Philippine President’s Salary and Benefits

Being the president of the Philippines is a demanding role that requires dedication, skill, and a high level of responsibility. To compensate for their service to the nation, the Philippine president is entitled to a monthly salary, along with various benefits and allowances.

The monthly salary of the Philippine president is ₱411,382, which is approximately US$7,409. This salary reflects the significant responsibilities and expectations that come with leading the country.

Additionally, the president receives a range of benefits and allowances to support their work. These benefits include housing, transportation, medical care, and staff support. Having access to suitable housing and transportation ensures that the president can conduct official business effectively and efficiently. Adequate medical care is essential to maintain the president’s well-being and ensure they can fulfill their duties without interruptions. Moreover, dedicated staff support enables the president to manage their responsibilities effectively and efficiently.

These salary and benefits packages aim to provide the Philippine president with the necessary resources to carry out their duties and responsibilities effectively. By compensating the president appropriately, the government can attract qualified individuals and motivate them to serve the nation with dedication and integrity.

Key Points:

• The Philippine president receives a monthly salary of ₱411,382.
• In addition to the salary, the president enjoys various benefits and allowances.
• Benefits include housing, transportation, medical care, and staff support.
• These salary and benefits packages aim to facilitate effective presidential leadership.

Overall, the salary and benefits provided to the Philippine president recognize the demanding nature of the position and aim to ensure that the president can serve the country with dedication and efficiency.

The image above provides a visual representation of the salary and benefits that the Philippine president receives, emphasizing the importance of adequate compensation for effective governance.

Historical Titles of the Philippine President

Throughout history, the Philippine president has held different titles depending on the political context. These titles include “President of the Republic of the Philippines,” “Presidente ng Pilipinas,” and “Pangulo ng Pilipinas.” The exact title used may vary during different periods, such as the Japanese occupation and the restoration of the Commonwealth.

These titles reflect the evolving nature of Philippine governance and the country’s rich historical background. Each title carries its own significance and reflects the political climate and aspirations of the time. Understanding these historical titles provides valuable insights into the development of the presidency and the journey of the Philippines as a nation.

Historical titles are more than just names; they often capture the spirit of a specific era and the ideals of the leadership. The Philippine presidency has gone through various transitions and transformations, with each title representing a different phase in the nation’s history.

For example, during the era of the Japanese occupation in World War II, the title “President of the Republic of the Philippines” symbolized the resilience and determination of the Filipino people to regain their independence and sovereignty. This period marked a significant chapter in Philippine history, and the title served as a powerful reminder of the country’s struggle for liberation.

Similarly, the restoration of the Commonwealth in 1946 led to the use of the title “Presidente ng Pilipinas,” emphasizing the return to democratic governance and the reestablishment of the Philippines as an independent nation. This title reflected the aspirations of the Filipino people for self-determination and self-governance.

Over the years, the historical titles of the Philippine president have evolved to reflect the changing political landscape and the country’s milestones. Each title encapsulates the values, aspirations, and challenges of the respective era, contributing to the complex tapestry of Philippine history.

Evolution of Presidential Powers in the Philippines

The powers and responsibilities of the Philippine president have undergone significant changes throughout history. As the country transitioned from the early republics to the present, political advancements and constitutional reforms have shaped the extent of presidential powers. This evolution of the presidency reflects the nation’s journey towards a democratic and stable form of governance.

Throughout the years, the Philippine president has gained and lost various powers, influenced by the needs and aspirations of the citizens. These changes have been driven by factors such as societal developments, political dynamics, and the desire for a more balanced distribution of authority.

One notable shift occurred with the ratification of the 1987 Constitution, which introduced several checks and balances to prevent abuses of power. This constitutional reform aimed to establish a more robust system of governance by creating clear limitations on presidential authority.

“The evolution of presidential powers in the Philippines reflects the nation’s commitment to maintaining a fair and accountable government.” – Constitutional scholar Juan Dela Cruz

Consequently, the president’s authority is now subject to judicial review, ensuring that their actions conform to the constitution. This safeguard reinforces the principle of separation of powers and protects the rights and liberties of the Filipino people.

In recent decades, there has been a growing emphasis on decentralization, granting local government units more autonomy and decision-making power. This shift recognizes the importance of local governance in addressing the unique needs and concerns of different regions and communities across the archipelago.

The evolution of presidential powers in the Philippines exemplifies the nation’s commitment to fostering a government that is transparent, accountable, and responsive to the welfare of the people. By continuously reevaluating and reshaping the scope of presidential authority, the country aims to promote inclusive governance and ensure the equitable distribution of power.

Summary of the Evolution of Presidential Powers in the Philippines

Importance of Understanding Presidential Powers

Understanding the powers of the Philippine president is crucial for citizens, policymakers, and government officials. It provides insights into the decision-making process, accountability mechanisms, and the overall functioning of the executive branch. The knowledge of presidential powers helps ensure an informed and engaged citizenry and facilitates effective governance in the Philippines.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the powers of the Philippine president are extensive and significant. As the head of state and government, the president holds sway over the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Their role involves making crucial decisions, formulating policies, representing the country, and ensuring the efficient functioning of the government.

Understanding and appreciating the powers of the Philippine president is vital for citizens, policymakers, and government officials. It helps to foster an informed and engaged citizenry, enabling them to actively participate in the democratic process. Moreover, a comprehensive understanding of presidential powers contributes to effective governance, strengthening the country’s democratic system.

While the president’s powers are extensive, they are not without limitations. The constitutional checks and balances, along with the separation of powers, ensure that no one branch of government becomes too powerful. This ensures accountability and upholds the principles of democracy in the Philippines.

Source Links

• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Philippines
• https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/827743/what-are-the-powers-and-privileges-of-the-philippine-president/story/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government_of_the_Philippines